The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Firms Assignment

The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Firms - Assignment Example The major drivers of globalization according to Singer (2004) include social-demographic (regional, cultural), technological, which includes telecommunications, internet and transportation, economic factors like foreign direct investment, profit motives and market share, ecological and environmental factors like pollution and green laws, and political-legal factors like falling trade barriers, political stability and intellectual property. These factors have hence allowed not just the larger establishments such as the MNCs to look across borders but also the smaller entrepreneurs who capitalized on the resources and took advantage of the liberalization. Entrepreneurship has been defined in many ways by different authors and researchers. According to Stevenson, ‘entrepreneurship’ is â€Å"the process whereby individuals become aware of business ownership as an option or viable alternative, develop ideas for business, learn the process of becoming an entrepreneur and undertake the initiation and development of a business† (Chigunta, 2002). Opportunity Recognition (OR) is an important aspect of entrepreneurship (Silverthorne, 2005) and passionate vision distinguishes entrepreneurs from their competitive competitors (McIntyre, 1998). Entrepreneurs have a propensity to take risks and the need for achievement serves as the driving force (Koh, 1996). Hence an entrepreneur is one who is quick to identify an opportunity, take risks, one who is prepared for challenges and adversities and can achieve profits by utilizing the available resources.  

The Atomists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Atomists - Essay Example Pure atomism is known as mechanism, dating back to Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, and Heraclitus, promoting the idea that the universe has been derived from one primitive, homogenous substance. Atomism gives rise to materialistic reductionism, which explains how larger phenomena can be divided into smaller ones, in charge of many events happening in the universe. (3) Another significant phenomenon is determinism, which explains that every event that occurs in the universe is a result of a previous serious of events. However, atomist determinism has many explanatory weaknesses, like the order of the cosmos is not being controlled by an external force, but controls itself. Hence, natural laws have been outlawed. Determinism is against free will because it bounds the occurring of an event to a prior series of events, and thus, lacks originality. The elimination of an extra outside force controlling the events of the universe, and an inability to define any alternative form of controll ing force, led Aristotle to reject

OSHA and Machine Safeguarding Essay Example for Free

OSHA and Machine Safeguarding Essay Guidelines on machine guarding – In most industries, small and large machines are used to perform various functions. The moving parts of these machines can cause injuries such as amputations, burns, lacerations, or crushing (Safety and Health Topics). OSHA has brought about certain guidelines, which are mandatory for employers to follow while using machines in their workplace to protect employees from injuries. Two OSHA regulations apply to all machining operations. These are:  · OSHA standards for machine guarding – Standard 1910. 211 – 1910.222  · OSHA lockout/tagout standards – Standard 1910.147 and 1910.331 OSHA regulations require that measures be taken to protect operators and other employees in the workplace from hazards created by rotating parts, flying chips and sparks, by contact with a moving machine part, chemical and hot metal splashes, and machine malfunction due to mechanical and electrical faults. OSHA recognizes that most mechanical mishaps occur due to dangerous moving parts in three areas – the point of operation, power transmission apparatus, and other moving parts of a machine. Besides these, there are some mechanical motions and actions that are hazardous, such as rotation, reciprocation, cutting, shearing, and bending (Concepts and Techniques of Machine Safeguarding). Some non-mechanical factors also cause hazards, such as the power source of a machine. Some of the safeguards that are required by OSHA to be followed for all machines are as follows:  · The point of operation of a machine, which causes a risk of injury to the operator will be guarded.  · To prevent the operator from putting his hand in a danger zone, special tools for putting and retrieving raw materials and finished products will be used.  · Revolving drums and containers will be guarded by enclosures to prevent injury.  · Blades that are less than seven feet above the floor will be guarded.  · Fixed machines will be anchored securely to prevent them from moving accidentally.  · Proper lockout and tagout systems will be implemented to prevent machines from being turned on by unauthorized personnel.  · Power sources will be properly grounded and old, frayed wires will be replaced.  · Besides these, OSHA has devised specific guidelines for machines belonging to industries such as woodworking machinery, cooperage machinery, mechanical power presses, etc. (Regulations, Standards 29 CFR). Machine guarding compliance – Besides formulating regulations, OSHA also enforces compliance with these regulations. Punitive measures are taken against businesses not in compliance with OSHA regulations, which include cancellation of licenses. To encourage compliance, OSHA provides training and tools to assist business owners. OSHA has developed software packages called â€Å"e-Tools† that are interactive web-based tools that provide information on various OSHA regulations, including machine guarding. The content is illustrated through graphics and helps employers know how OSHA guidelines apply to their particular business. This tool is available on the OSHA website at http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/index.html. Besides these, OSHA has developed powerpoint presentations and compliance checklists to help business owners with compliance. Workmen can lodge complaints against business owners through OSHA’s website (OSHA eTools and Electronic Products for Compliance Assistance).

Database Management System (DBMS) Software Research

Database Management System (DBMS) Software Research 5-2 FINAL PROJECT MILESTONE THREE: DBMS RESEARCH AND RECOMMENDATION DBMS A.Research and Analysis: A database management system (DBMS) software is employed to manage the organization, storage, access, security and integrity of structured data. It could come as a set of flat files stored on computer tape/disk, or it could consist of database tables that are managed by the system. The different types of DBMS products include: relational, network and hierarchical. Currently, the most widely and commonly used type is the Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS). (http://dbms.ca/concepts/types.html). In addition to security, one of the biggest advantages of using a DBMS is that it allows end users and application programmers the access and use of the same data while managing data integrity. Data is better protected and maintained since it can be shared using a DBMS, rather than having to create new iterations of the same data to be stored in new files and for every new application. The centrally stored data can be accessed by multiple users in a controlled manner. However, a DBMS that is required to perform additional work to provide these advantages brings with it the overhead. In other words, a DBMS will use more memory and CPU than a simple file storage system, as well as require different types and levels of system resources. (Rouse). Several DBMS applications are currently available: Oracle, IBM, MySQL, Microsoft SQL, Amazon AWS, FileMaker, Teradata, MaraDB, SAP, Adminer, MongoDB, Ingres, Firebird, PostgreSQL, HP Vertica, Alpha, WizeHive, Apache, TeamDesk and Couchbase to name a few. (http://www.capterra.com/database-management-software/#infographic). For over three decades, the primary operational DBMS has been relational. It continues to be dominated by industry giants such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server and IBM DB2. Similarities: Each one having been used for production systems all along proves that the technologies involved in these three market-leading products are sound. For Unix and Linux installations, the primary choices are Oracle and IBM DB2. Oracle is the market leader on these platforms. Although other DBMSes in a Linux partition can be run on the mainframe, IBM is ideal for a large organization with a mainframe. For Windows platform, all three are viable options. Naturally, Microsoft is the clear leader on its own OS. All three of the leading DBMS products are highly rated in terms of performance, application development capabilities, support, ease of use and functionality. (Mullins.) Differences: Oracle: Given its installed base and wide platform support, skilled Oracle Database technicians and developers are readily available.   Likewise, an abundance of tools for Oracle database administration, application development and data movement/management are accessible. In short, the ensured skills and tooling are not an issue with Oracle. (Mullins). Function-wise, Oracle keeps pace with many new and advanced features, e.g., JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) support, temporal capabilities and multi-tenancy. The new Oracle Database In-Memory is an option that uses in-memory columnar technology to enable enterprises to accelerate the performance of their business analytics easily and transparently. (Mullins). Overall, customers give Oracle high marks for performance and availability. However, cost-wise, Oracle has a reputation as being expensive to license and support. Additionally, public opinion indicates that in North America and Europe, Oracle ranked lowest in terms of ease of doing business. (Mullins). IBM DB2: This DBMS is Oracles biggest competitor on Unix and Linux OS. DB2 is additionally available on Windows, z/OS mainframe and iSeries midrange servers. Although skilled DB2 developers and DBAs are likely to be more difficult to hire, compared to Oracle, experienced DB2 professionals are not scarce, albeit there is the need to differentiate by platform (e.g., mainframe DB2 for z/OS skills are different and somewhat more difficult to find than for DB2 for LUW; DB2 SQL is almost identical between the z/OS and LUW platforms.) Likewise, there are several developments, data movement and DBA tools available for this DBMS both from IBM and other independent software vendors (ISVs). (Mullins). Functionally speaking, DB2 is regularly revised and updated with market-leading features, (e.g., JSON support, temporal capabilities, shadow tables and advanced compression). With the DB2 SQL compatibility feature, IBM is able to run Oracle applications in DB2 for LUW, requiring no changes to business logic in the client code, triggers or stored procedures. Additionally, the DB2 includes compression capabilities and column store capabilities. (Mullins). Microsoft SQL Server: Its current version is SQL Server 2016. It runs on Linux and MAC and supports numerous Windows versions. Naturally, there are plenty of skilled SQL Server developers and DBAs, just as there are several available tools supporting development, data movement and database administration both from Microsoft and ISVs. SQL Server licenses come with Analysis Services, Integration Services and Reporting Services that provide functionality. These are typically required add-on tools for the other DBMSes (e.g., Oracle and IBM DB2). These added features enable SQL Server customers to minimize their budget for tooling. (Mullins). Technological- and functional-wise, Microsoft keeps current with the market, (features such as stretch database capabilities for integrating on-premises with cloud, strong encryption capabilities, integration of Hadoop with relational data using the Polybase feature and improved in-database analytics capabilities). Microsoft features Azure, its cloud-integration vision for SQL Server. This includes simplified backup to Azure and the ability to set up an Azure virtual machine as an always-on secondary. (Mullins). However, since Microsoft lacks a database appliance (e.g., Oracles Exadata and IBMs PureData System), Microsoft is not a realistic option if one is looking for as a pure plug-and-play database appliance. However, there are third-party appliances available that embed SQL Server. Additionally, Microsoft offers the Microsoft Analytics Platform System, which is an analytics appliance that integrates SQL Server with data from Hadoop (an open-source software framework used to store data and run applications on clusters of commodity hardware). (Mullins). B. Recommendation: Microsoft Access allows users a way to create desktop databases. It is an easy-to-use tool for quickly creating browser-based database applications. Data is automatically stored in a SQL database, so its more secure than ever, and the applications can easily be shared with colleagues. (https://products.office.com/en-us/access). Access, for its simplicity and ease of use, can be appropriate for the organization. The data can be exported into SQL. Although SQL has a steeper learning curb (compared to Access) and based on the advantages listed above, it is recommended that the organization employ Microsoft SQL Server from the start. This will eliminate the need to learn an entirely new/different software application. Additionally, Access is available for purchase or by subscription only, whereas SQL is free to download and use. SQL has plenty of technical support available. This is essential for the owner and his staff, who lack any technical training or background. Skilled developers are in abundance. They can further enhance or develop the database as needed. In addition to SQLs product dependency and reputation, Microsoft has a practice of further developing its products to meet the demands of the market, to satisfy its customers and to stay in competition. All the above benefits ensure that as the organization grows, the database system can grow along side, without the need to switch. C.Hardware, Software Recommendation: Vince Roberts, the owner of Vinces Vinyl, is not technologically savvy. He requires the most fundamental training. Both recommended software applications provide plentiful online support in the forms of manuals, tutorials and videos. He has been using and is accustomed to a Windows 8 computer. He has no plans to switch to another platform any time soon. With either or both recommended software, he is not required to upgrade his system. Additionally, he is beginning to become familiar with and comfortable using his Android tablet and smart phone. Eventually, he would like to be able to access his database using all available devices and from any location. Both or either cloud-based Access and Microsoft SQL Server data can be accessed through the means available to him.

William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay -- Shakespeare M

William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream could have easily been a light-hearted, whimsical comedy. Complete with a magic forest and a kingdom of fairies, it is an iconic setting for amorous escapades and scenes of lovers. But Shakespeare’s writing is never so shallow; through this romantic comedy, Shakespeare postulates an extremely cynical view of love. A Midsummer Night’s Dream becomes a commentary on the mystery of love, and lovers in general emerge shamed. Especially in the episodes among the four young Athenians, the lover is painted as a fickle creature, always changing his or her mind, and love as a passing phenomenon. Love is not an unfathomable, kind emotion, but it is ironically cruel, and by the end of the play, the concept of true love is tinged with doubt. The lover is unreliable in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. This is first seen in Demetrius’s treatment of Helena. As the play opens, Demetrius is already in love with Hermia, but Helena tells us that she has once been his love: For ere Demetrius look’d on Hermia’s eyne, He hail’d down oaths that he was only mine; And when this hail some heat from Hermia felt, So he dissolv’d, and show’rs of oaths did melt (1.1.242- 245). Demetrius’s oaths lose their meaning, and Helena is left with a demeaning love. However, Demetrius is not alone in his mutability; Lysander, too, quickly replaces one love with another. Though Lysander is somewhat redeemed through the use of the love potion, the fact remains that his love changes. Early in the play he says to Hermia, â€Å"[M]y heart to yours is knit, / so that but one heart we can make of it† (2.2.47-48), but later he reviles his supp... ...e deeper and more resounding than the conflicts that are resolved. Is it possible for Demetrius and Helena to live happily ever after though the love binding them is synthetic? Can Lysander and Hermia ever have a trusting relationship, knowing the fickleness of love? A Midsummer Night’s Dream has potential to be a cheerful play, but it has too many sharp edges and hard scenes to be so. The concept of love is quite convincingly questioned. Here, love is not faithful, kind, or true; it can be lost and manufactured, and is alarmingly harsh. The play ends happily, with the young people in their respective couples, but the bitter undercurrents are too strong to ignore. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed. Jerome Beaty et. al. 8th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002. 1614-1670.

Dirt bike # 10 :: essays research papers

1. Two possible fuel tank suppliers for Dirt Bike are J&P Cycles and Hot Rods USA. Both companies supply numerous designs of fuel tanks that can be used for motorcycles. J & P Cycles is a US company that ships within the US and their prices for a listed below for ground transportation: SHIPPING RATES WITHIN THE CONTINENTAL U.S. & TO APO/FPO ADDRESSES GROUND SHIPPING RATES Invoice Total   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rate 0-$49.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $6.99 $50-$99.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $7.99 $100-$149.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $12.99 $150-$199.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $16.99 $200-$299.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $18.99 Over $299.99   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FREE Bike Lifts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $25.00 Extra Wide Bike Ramp   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $50.00 Complete Motors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $100.00 Rolling Chassis Kits   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $175.00 Trailers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $300.00 C.O.D.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Add $7.00 For this company however, if the package is 5 lbs and under $150 in value the package will be shipped Priority Mail. For Ground Transportation the predicted time is 7 – 10 days not including Saturday or Sunday. For Hot Rods USA is another US company so shipping within the US the shipping time is very similar to J & P Cycles. All of the shipping within the US is free for over $500. It will take between 7 -10 days. J & P Cycles would probably be the best out of the two. For them the price of shipping is free at a lower buying price. This way if Dirt Bike was to buy in a low bulk they would receive free shipping. The only problem that might arise would be when it come to just buying one. Dirt Bike would have to pay for the Priority mailing price because it is small and under a certain price. This almost focuses Dirt Bike to constantly buy in Bulk. Both will take the same amount of time when shipping. 2. There is great supply chain management software that Dirt Bike can use. Two software packages are Microsoft Business Solutions for Supply Chain Management and IFS Applications – Supply Chain Management. Both are delivered in package form of other CDs that are geared towards certain steps in the Supply Chain. Microsoft Business Solutions for Supply Chain Management This software can be used to optimize the supply chain cycles and warehouse management according to the company’s unique needs. The software packages contains stuff to better handle the supply chain management, purchasing, requisitioning and procurement, inventory management, and order entry and processing management. This software package allows Dirt Bike the ability to integrate all of their sales and purchasing systems to make the process go faster.

Manifest Destiny

â€Å"Manifest Destiny† is a phrase to describe the future of the United States that considerably impacted U.S. foreign policy in the 1840s and 1850s. It was coined by John O’Sullivan in the editorial in Democratic Review in 1845 where he wrote about â€Å"†manifest destiny to overspread the continent† (Wikipedia, 2006). This phrase described the expansionist foreign policy doctrine that helped America reach its present boundaries. The underlying idea of the doctrine was that the United States with its democratic system was in many ways superior to other nations. Therefore, it was morally obliged to expand in order to bring democracy and progress to new lands around. The virtue of the American nation, its superior abilities at development, and the mission to develop other neighboring parts of the continent formed the ideological basis for Manifest Destiny. At the same time, this ideology served a number of practical implications that were relevant to the US foreign policy in the 1840s and 1850s. As such, it underlay the policy of continentalism that warranted the expansion on the American continent aiming to make America stretch â€Å"from sea to shining sea†. For example, it played a role in the Oregon dispute with Great Britain in which President Polk elected in 1844 at first agreed to divide the state at the 49th parallel, but then a campaign began, claiming all Oregon to belong to the United States. In the relations with Mexico, the theme of Manifest Destiny was even more prominent. The decision of the Republic of Texas in 1836 to separate from Mexico and request entry to the United States was taken by many as evidence that the Untied States is indeed destined to â€Å"assemble† all neighboring territories. Although the Mexican-American War that started in 1846 was not successful in bringing all of Mexico under American rule, it nevertheless added California and New Mexico. For two decades, America remained concentrated on fulfilling its Manifest Destiny – annexing various territories and bringing them as states into the union. Reference Wikipedia. Manifest Destiny. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_Destiny (accessed August 22, 2006) Manifest destiny Manifest is a view that gives evidence on the history of America whose boundaries changed and created a nation. Manifest destiny has no chronological periods since it is a philosophy that was and still exists. This phrase attempts to explain the territorial expansions of America and its claim to new territories. Cause of expansion The rallying cry for expansion was publicized and argued throughout the nation. The doctrine was absorbed and this was a start of the expansion under the influence of Editor John L. Oa sullivan. (Jones & Donald 1997) In 1818, Andrew Jackson who was the 7th president of the United States led military forces during the Florida crisis punishing the seminal Indians and captured several cities. The reasoning and moral conservations of most Americans about their leader Jackson, made their conscience to push to expansion of the American territory. . http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm Another cause was that the people the Deep South exercised their right in capturing fertile land. This was because Americans had been installed with the belief that they could own any land which they wanted. The manifest destiny term had a meaning that US destiny included imperialistic expansion and a want and need to explore new lands and borders. (Jones & Donald 1997) There was the idea that America should have been the world power and this become strong after the Spanish American war. The united stated had a strong belief that it would capture the boundaries to North America. (Shenk, 2004) (Jones & Donald 1997) Method of expansion With the need for fertile land Americans moved to Florida and in the Deep South, the planter class consequently took land and started setting and planting. This was an arrogant move into the Florida territories since they did not seek political approval or permission. The idea is as old as America and the philosophy went across the Atlantic to colonist and ended in the Plymouth Rock with the pilgrims. This philosophy also spread during the Great Awakening with fire and brimstone preachers. In the spread of manifest destiny ideas Roosevelt, Harrison and Captain Mahan were expansionists who advocated for the creation of America but these ideas were opposed by Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie and Mark Twain. http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm As new territories were formed, the expansion also included extending the institution of slavery since thus was a central issue of America as a missiona. John Quincy Adams orchestrated the 1818 treaty, which resolved standing boundaries of the US and UK to the west of Rocky Mountains with joint occupation of the Oregon country. He also purchased Florida from Spain extending the border to the Pacific Ocean. (Jarnow, 2005) The U.S government wanted to expand in to the west and this would mean the legal processes of purchasing of Native America land in treaties. The expansion to the west was a success since the policy which was formulated by Henry Knox had the provision for such an expansion. (Jones & Donald 1997) In the 1896 election, republicans recaptured the white house for 16 years and this promoted overseas expansion on the North American continent. This occurred as a result of the Guano islands act, Spanish American war and treaty of Berlin among others. The United States acquired Guam, Puerto Rico and Philippines Island as colonies rather than as states. (Jarnow, 2005 ). http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm Cost of expansion As a result of the expansion there were several wars such as the war on Mexico in 1846. The aggressive act with the war caused the American civil war. The Spanish America war caused legislators to annex all Spanish territories. John Quincy Adams gave a warning through the Monroe doctrine which he formulated. This doctrine warned against the European colonization of the western hemisphere which includes London, England and the United Kingdom. Peaceful and violent attempts were witnessed in the American Revolution with a target of including Canada in the US. http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm Result of expansion The war resulted in to a win of the southwestern United States. With the conquering of new lands and borders, moral, cultural, social and economic differences begun to show themselves among people, states and countries involved. The expansion through fine and brimstones preacher led to building of the first national road. (Michael, 1997) Further more with the expansion from 1815 to 1860; the United States had expanded to the Pacific Ocean and serves as continental borders in the United States today. With the Anglo American convention of 1818, thousands of Americans moved over the Oregon Trail. The British rejected a proposal in which John Tyler wanted to have forty nine parallel boundaries in the region. The British called for a boundary line further south along the Columbia River. There were different opinions that found advocated of Manifest destiny calling for the annexation of Oregon country. The democrats were for the idea of annexation of all Oregon at the time of presidential elections of James K. Polk. Polk who was a presidential candidate offered to divide the territory to 49 parallel boundaries. Meanwhile the dispute over the division of the region was finally settled with the Oregon treaty of 1846.( shenk,2004)(Richard 1991) . http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm When the sovereign state in the republic of Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836, and joined the united stated as a new state. Annexation of all Mexico meant extending the United States citizenship to Mexicans. The Mexican cession saw the addition of the Alta California and Nuevo Mexico territories to the United States. The American war of independence was a civil war that involved the kingdom of Great Britain and North American colonies. (McCartney 1992) (Salzman, 1986) European wars led to American Revolution and a continental army. The west ward expansion created a 4000 mile border between the United States and Canada which also servers as the most peaceful boundary in the world. (Jarnow, 2005), (Richard, 1991), (Feldman, 2004) The Pacific Northwest was an expansion due to an American John Jacob Astron who opened a trading post named Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River. The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of 828,000 squire miles of French territory by the United States of America. This purchase included 15 U.S states and 2 Canadian provinces Oklahoma Panhandle and south western portions of Kansas and Louisiana were still claimed by Spain and there were complains that it was unconstitutional. As a result Jefferson purchased Louisiana since France and Spain wanted to have power to block American trade access to the port of New Orleans. (Michael, 1997) (Feldman, 2004) The expansion and settlement in the western territories gave freedom to limitless land. With the spirit of manifest destiny Americans settled, planted and did farming activities in the Indian land. Manifest destiny was the reason for territorial expansion and settlement in vast tracks of land that were sparsely populated. Manifest destiny created American history and is also responsible for its independence and expansion. (Craven, 2003) Conclusion The events that occurred during the late and early 18th centuries in United States brought division in American politics. This was especially due to the manifest destiny and territorial expansion. (McCartney 1992) A great number of people were in supported these moves but politician as well as the strict constructionists did not support the ideas. In their view they understood that the constitution did not allow or give the right to acquire land and expand boundaries as per the plans and powers in governments. (Michael, 1997) (Richard 1991) Slavery was also a major issue that influenced presidential elections at that time. Following further expansion of boundaries, there was imbalance in the number of slave state and Free State representatives in congress. It was a major challenge on the senators and representatives due to emerging accusations of conspiracies by congress on Free State members. Charles Sumner thought that the southerners wanted more land to have slavery in the territories and hence become slave states. (Richard 1991) The war between Mexico and Great Britain caused fears for those who were against it. James Polk enticed Mexicans to attack and with this he use it to claim that he had defended the U.S (Shenk, 2004). The issues on slavery conflict, the unexpected election of Polk and the Mexican war brought American politics into great and weighty issues of concern. Reference: Craven W., American art: History and Culture in America, 2003. Feldman R. T. The Mexican-American War: Twenty-First Century Books, 2004. Jarnow J., Moriarty J.T. Manifest Destiny: A primary Source, History of Americas territorial expansion in the 19th century. Rosen Publishing Group. 2005 Jones H, Donald A. R.., Prologue to Manifest Destiny: Anglo-American Relations in the 1840S, Unites States: Rowman & Littlefield 1997. Lubragge M. T.1994 Manifest Destiny:1/6 The Philosophy That Created A Nation     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved from http://www.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm on Thursday,   Ã‚   April 10, 2008 McCartney J.T., Black Power Ideologies: An Essay in African-American Political Thought Temple University Press, 1992. Michael A. M. Slavery and the American West: The eclipse of Manifest Destiny. UNC press, 1997. Richard W. â€Å"It’s Your Misfortune and None of My Own†; A History Of The American West. University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. Salzman J.,American Studies: An Annotated Bibliography: Cambridge university press, 1986. Shenk, W. R. North American Foreign Missions, 1810-1914: Theology, Theory, and Policy: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004. Manifest Destiny â€Å"Manifest Destiny† is a phrase to describe the future of the United States that considerably impacted U.S. foreign policy in the 1840s and 1850s. It was coined by John O’Sullivan in the editorial in Democratic Review in 1845 where he wrote about â€Å"†manifest destiny to overspread the continent† (Wikipedia, 2006). This phrase described the expansionist foreign policy doctrine that helped America reach its present boundaries. The underlying idea of the doctrine was that the United States with its democratic system was in many ways superior to other nations. Therefore, it was morally obliged to expand in order to bring democracy and progress to new lands around. The virtue of the American nation, its superior abilities at development, and the mission to develop other neighboring parts of the continent formed the ideological basis for Manifest Destiny. At the same time, this ideology served a number of practical implications that were relevant to the US foreign policy in the 1840s and 1850s. As such, it underlay the policy of continentalism that warranted the expansion on the American continent aiming to make America stretch â€Å"from sea to shining sea†. For example, it played a role in the Oregon dispute with Great Britain in which President Polk elected in 1844 at first agreed to divide the state at the 49th parallel, but then a campaign began, claiming all Oregon to belong to the United States. In the relations with Mexico, the theme of Manifest Destiny was even more prominent. The decision of the Republic of Texas in 1836 to separate from Mexico and request entry to the United States was taken by many as evidence that the Untied States is indeed destined to â€Å"assemble† all neighboring territories. Although the Mexican-American War that started in 1846 was not successful in bringing all of Mexico under American rule, it nevertheless added California and New Mexico. For two decades, America remained concentrated on fulfilling its Manifest Destiny – annexing various territories and bringing them as states into the union. Reference Wikipedia. Manifest Destiny. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_Destiny (accessed August 22, 2006)