George Herberts Imagery Essay

Ashley Adams Instructor: Adam Helmintoller English section 241-40 16 November 2011 George Herbert’s Imagery The poem â€Å"Easter wings† by George Herbert is a poem that contains deep imagery which is shown not only in his words but also his visual structure. Herbert chooses the structure of a pair of wings for many different reasons. He also gives his poem a lot of imagery which should help the reader gain a different perspective to the poem. The poem explains Herbert’s desires to fly with Jesus after his resurrection. Herbert put himself deliberately in the poem by commonly using â€Å"I† and â€Å"me†. Herbert then addresses the audience in the first line with â€Å"Lord†, meaning Jesus Christ. Yet the confusion is of where the poem starts since it is split in two parts but having to be read sideways. This could be used to invoke visions of both wings, meaning that instead of looking at one large poem there is actually two smaller poems instead. Lord, who createth man in wealth and store† is the beginning of this poem, helping to immediately establish the audience in the first word (Greenblatt 1609). It also reveals the poem as a type of prayer towards God. Herbert uses the â€Å"winged† look in his poem to more or less catch the readers eye an relate to the imagery Herbert uses in the poem with his words. The beginning of the poem describes the fall of men from â€Å"wealth† into the â€Å"decaying† of life from sinful nature, â€Å"Lord, who createst man in wealth and store, Though foolishly he lost the same, Decaying more and more Till he became Most poor:† the structure of the first few lines parallel the content, by having the lines â€Å"decaying† in length but also the imagery â€Å"decaying† with the fall of mankind (Greenblatt 1609). Herbert wanted his audience to see the parallelism between the shape and the actual meaning of the poem. Herbert wanted the reader to find the true meaning of the poem by connecting it with the shape. In the second part of the two poems is turning in emotion and finishing with the poet taking â€Å"flight† and completing the second wing: â€Å"With thee O let me rise As larks, harmoniously, And sing this day thy victories: Then shall the fall further the flight in me. † This stanza is rich in imagery (Greenblatt 1609). It seems like the second part of the first poem â€Å"beats its wing† against the decline of the first part in the first poem, showing how the â€Å"fall† of man â€Å"furthered the flight† in Herbert as it created the way for the crucifixion of Jesus. It was this action which redeemed man so they could have fellowship with God again. While in the first part you see Herbert using he and the word man, where as in the second part the poem becomes more personal to Herbert when he uses me. This part of the poem could be meant as the personal prayer to God thanking him for the death of his son and our salvation. Also of note is the use of â€Å"larks, harmoniously† to give a beautiful, resonate feel to the poem; opposite to that of words like â€Å"decaying† and â€Å"most poor† used in the first stanza. The first three lines of the second stanza, â€Å"With thee/ O let me rise/ As larks, harmoniously† tells us Herbert wants to be with Jesus during the resurrection (Greenblatt 1609). Herbert then uses the word harmoniously suggesting a group of voices and a group of people. And since Herbert is insinuating harmounisly as a group which is most commonly seen as three, this would support the idea of the trinity. The trinity which is specifically the trinity of Jesus as father, son, and Holy Spirit which Herbert wanted to relate to in his poem. If you look more closely to the second part of the poem it’s obvious that it’s just a continuous to the first part while addressing the same audience in the first part. As the first stanza spoke of the â€Å"fall† of man into sin, the third stanza becomes more personal to the poet: â€Å"My tender age in sorrow did begin: And still with sicknesses and shame Though didst so punish sin, That I became Most thin†, once again, this part decreases every line like that of the first (Greenblatt 1609). Following the beginning of the second part Herbert explains him not being innocent of sin with the comment of him being â€Å"most thin†. This ending should give the reader a feel of loss and unfinished ending. Ideally, our virtues and wisdom should grow with age; Herbert reveals that this is not necessarily the case. With the passing of time, the poet expresses that his only gain was that of guilt and sin. It is also somewhat impossible to live life without sin. Again the poet picks up from where he left off and begins the next stanza with words of rejuvenation. However, this stanza adds an element of connection: â€Å"With thee let me combine, And feel this day thy victory; For, if I imp my wing on thine, Affliction shall advance the flight in me† (Greenblatt 1609). Herbert then states his want for salvation to â€Å"combine† with Jesus and be grafted onto his wings. This would suggest he doesn’t want to be only â€Å"with† Jesus but grafted â€Å"onto† Jesus, which a much closer relationship would be made. Herbert did this appropriately to show how the course of man’s action, led to the affliction and fall of man. It is difficult to see how negatives such as â€Å"affliction† and â€Å"fall† could lead to glory but it is this resistance, much like that of a wing beating against the resistance of gravity and air, that furthers not only the flight of the poet but also that of mankind. apricotpie) After analyzing Herbert’s poem, the winged imagery can be seen throughout, and the reasoning for the shape and imagery. Herbert wanted to show people of his time and from then on many truths in the poem. . Not only does the shape and imagery have a great effect on the reader, but the emotional swing s and shifting play many â€Å"tricks† on the reader as we go through Herbert’s poem. Also Herbert’s original presentation is most unusual and confronts the reader with an awkward dilemma. In order to access the words of his poem the page must be turned sideways. This turning of the page could be Herbert’s way of changing our point of view. How man’s decline because of sin was defeated by the actions of the cross. So the point of Herbert’s work â€Å"Easter Wings† May not actually be understood with maybe just one reading but with multiple readings. . But Herbert did show us that using shape and imagery throughout his poem that many different meanings and points can be made within one poem. . He also helped us to understand his view of right and wrong, Herbert used imagery throughout his poem to give us a sense into his life and his value system. In doing so he gave the readers of his poems a chance to find all of the truths and meanings in his poem. Lastly in Herbert’s poem he wants us to be grateful of the gift that God has given to us, by allowing his only son to die for the salvation of our sins to wash us clean with grace, it is this action which allows all of mankind, and not just Herbert, to be grafted into Jesus’ wing to â€Å"further the flight† in us all. Herbert’s ideas all together try to make a positive feedback onto the reader, beginning with wanting to return with less sin and trying to â€Å"fly† with Jesus towards salvation.

The Opening

It is named Al-Fatihah, the Opening – in light of the fact that it opens the Book and by it the recitation in supplication starts. It is additionally named Umm al-Qur'an, the Mother of the Qur'an, and Umm al-Kitab, the Mother of the Book in light of the way that the noteworthiness of the whole Qur'an is outlined in that. It is in like way named Sab'ul-Mathani, (the Seven Often Repeated Verses), Al-Hamd, (the Praise), Al-Shifa (The Cure) and Ar-Ruqya, the Spiritual Cure. Its recitation is a condition for the reasonableness of the demand. It is the Mecci Surah of the Holy Quran, which construes that it was found on the Prophet of God while He was in Makkah, i.e. before movement to Madina. It was at first the fifth part to be revealed yet after Furqan e Hameed was assembled, it was put toward the start. Al-Fatiha itself infers â€Å"The Opening† as this territory comes content with beginning of the Holy Book and fills in as a Gateway to look at Quran Majeed further. In addition, it in like way fills in as the beginning of Salah. It in like way has the pleasure of being the standard Surah that is made known totally. Disregarding the way that it includes 7 Ayats just, yet despite it explains the Veneration of the Almighty in an incredibly comprehensive way and also is a sensational system for supplication of advancing toward Allah for keeping one on the correct way. THEME: Allah has instructed in this Surah to mankind to offer supplication to Him, who is the Lord of this universe before chasing down course and Who alone can permit it. The reader should have a firm conviction that the Creator of the universe is the wellspring of all data and the examination of Quran can give him guidance. Islam requires a man to start everything with the name of Allah. By doing this he will keep himself a long way from questionable and wrong deeds. By then there is offered to of Allah Who is Master, Owner, Sustainer, Provider, Guardian, Sovereign, Ruler, Administrator and Organizer. By then it is consolidated that He is the Master of the Day of Judgment, in this way, everyone is responsible for his deeds. Humankind is only admirer of the Lord and thusly, mankind is requesting bearing in each walk around life. The course which make mankind positive is required. The individual will's character off track will continue on through the savagery of Allah (SWT)VIRTUES: There are many virtues related to this Surah.Hazrat Abu Saeed al-Khudri narrates: â€Å"While on a journey we finished at a place. A young woman came to us and expressed: â€Å"The leader of this group has been stung by a scorpion and our men are truant, is there anybody among you who can recite something upon him to treat him?† Then, one of our men obliged her in spite of the way that we didn't deduce that he knew any such treatment. In any case, our sidekick went to the manager and examined something upon him and the supervisor was cured. Instantly, the manager gave him thirty sheep and gave each one of us deplete to drink. When he returned, we asked our buddy: â€Å"Did you know anything to introduce upon him to cure him?† He expressed: â€Å"No, I just talked about Umm al-Kitab (i.e. Surah al-Fatiha) upon him.† We said that don't do anything until the point that the moment that we accomplish Madinah and ask the Prophet as for this (sharpen and reward whether the sheep were lawful or not for us). In the wake of accomplishing Madinah, we depicted this to the Prophet (PBUH), whereupon he remarked: â€Å"How might he come to understand that Al-Fatiha can be used as a cure? (PBUH) Distribute your reward among yourselves and a ton an offer for me likewise†.† (Sahih Bukhari) TAFSEER OF SURAH AL-FATIAH:In the Name of Allah The main ayah of Surah Fatiha is: For the sake of Allah, the Beneficent, the Most Merciful. (Al-Fatiha: 1) This expression is known as the bismillah. It regards recount it before doing any activity. The Meaning of the letter Baa The Baa in the Arabic dialect can have three distinct implications:With – With/for the sake of AllahSeeking help – Seeking help of the name of AllahSeeking favoring – Seeking favoring with the name of Allah The Meaning of al-Rahman and al-Raheem Both these names are gotten from a similar root letters: raa, haa, meem; which intends to show kindness.They are in this way comparable in importance and both are associated with Allah's (SWT) Mercy. The way that Allah (SWT) notices two of His Names which show to do with Mercy, instead of Might and Power or so on, demonstrates exactly how essential this Attribute is. The distinction between al-Rahman and al-Raheem is that al-Rahman alludes to Allah's (SWT) Mercy to all of creation. It is His Mercy which is stretched out to the two adherents and doubters; creatures, and everything that exists. He says in the Qur'an: My Mercy envelops all things. (Al-A'raf: 156) Al-Rahman in this manner shows the outrageous boundlessness of Allah's (SWT) Mercy. It is said in a hadith that Allah (SWT) isolated Mercy into 100 sections and sent down just a single part to this dunya. It is from this one a player in His Mercy that creatures indicate kindness to their posterity (Sahih Muslim). Al-Raheem alludes to Allah's (SWT) Mercy which is particular for the devotees. He says in the Qur'an: Also, He is Full of Mercy to the Believers. (al-Ahzab: 43) Al-Raheem in this way demonstrates the doing of an activity. All Praise is because of Allah The second ayah is: All acclaim be to Allah, the Lord of the considerable number of universes. (Al-Fatiha: 2) The Meaning of Hamd and the Difference amongst Hamd and Shukr Hamd implies applaud and furthermore appreciation. The researchers contrasted with regards to the connection between the words hamd and shukr. Some said that they both have a similar importance. In this way, the significance of hamd, in their view, is the same as shukr (appreciation, appreciation). Hamd is something which must be finished with adoration and veneration, however shukr does not require this. Shukr is helped in light of out which is done to a man however hamd is done basically on the grounds that the one being lauded and said thanks to is deserving of that. The Meaning of Rabb Rabb is normally deciphered as Lord yet it is significantly more including than that. It likewise incorporates the importance of Nurturer, Sustainer, Cherisher et cetera. The Rabb is the maker, ruler, ace and the person who controls everything. It originates from the root letters raa, baa, baa: which intends to have dominance and control over something. The Meaning of ‘Aalameen A portion of the contrasting perspectives about it are that it alludes to: 1-Everything which exists other than Allah ta'aalaa 2-Mankind and the jinn 3-Those things which have an insightfulness, and they are four: humankind, jinn, holy messengers, and fiends 4-Those things which have souls The best view is the first, the confirmation being ayah 23 and 24 of Surah Shu'ara. (23) Said Pharaoh, â€Å"And what is the Lord of the universes?† (24) [Moses] stated, â€Å"The Lord of the sky and earth and that between them, on the off chance that you ought to be persuaded.† The Beneficent, The Most Merciful The third ayah is: The Beneficent, The Most Merciful. (Al-Fatiha: 3) The clarification of these two names has just been given. Why at that point is it rehashed? This is to by and by accentuation the significance of the nature of leniency. Likewise, when something is rehashed in the Qur'an, at that point you should take a gander at the ayah before it and after it, to perceive how they are connected. For this situation, the past ayah specified that Allah (SWT) is the Rabb of the considerable number of universes. In this way, His rehashing the words, al-Rahman al-Raheem from that point forward, demonstrates to us that His being the Rabb – His taking of and supporting and accommodating us – is all piece of His Mercy towards us. Ace of the Day of Reward The fourth ayah is: The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense. (Al-Fatiha: 3) The Meaning of Maalik: The principal expression of this ayah can be discussed in two courses: either as â€Å"Maalik† (with a madd after the meem) or as â€Å"Malik† (without the madd). Maalik implies ace, and it alludes to â€Å"drain† – the responsibility for. Malik implies ruler, and it alludes to â€Å"mulk† – the domain of a man. God is the Lord of the Day when all ages of humanity assemble on request to render a record of their lead, and when every individual will be at long last remunerated or rebuffed for his deeds. The portrayal of God as Lord of the Day of Judgment following the say of his generosity and sympathy demonstrates that we should recollect another part of God too to be specific, that He will judge all of us, that He is so totally intense, that on the Day of Judgment nobody will have the power either to oppose the requirement of disciplines that He declares or to keep anybody from getting the prizes that He chooses to give. Consequently, we should not exclusively to love Him for supporting and managing us and for His sympathy and kindness towards us, however ought to likewise hold Him in amazement on account of His equity, and ought not overlook that our definitive bliss or hopelessness rests totally with Him. You (Alone) We Worship The fifth ayah is: (Only you) we love and (only you) we request help. (Al-Fatiha: 5) Now, there is a move in the Surah from educating us about Allah (SWT) and commending Him, to tending to Him.†We revere† implies we comply. Love is dutifulness and self-humbling. It intends to lower yourself before Allah (SWT) and to submit to His Will. Apparently it is self-dishonor, however actually, it is eminence and beautification. The ayah certifies the Lordship of Allah and asserts that love is because of Him. â€Å"Iyyaaka nasta'een† implies we look for help, support and achievement. As a rule, in many sentences the verb starts things out and after that the protest; yet in this ayah the question of the verb is specified first and after that the verb. So why would that be? It is with a specific end goal to append significance to it, to Allah (SWT). It likewise alludes the status of the slave and his love which is bring down so it will come in the wake of specifying the Lord, Allah (SWT). Guide us on the Straight Path The 6th ayah is: Guide us on the Straight Path. (Al-Fatiha: 5) This ayah is a dua which we make to Allah (SWT). We request that he demonstrate to us the Straight Path and to direct us on it, with the goal that we will get His Guidance which moves us nearer and closer to Him. We have to battle towards Allah (SWT) by doing great deeds and by avoiding every single terrible deed which will separate us from Him. The Meaning of Siraat Siraat is a street or a way. Be that as it may, there are sure conditions which it needs to satisfy keeping in mind the end goal to be a siraat else it would be called something unique, for example, tareeq or sabeel which additionally mean a street. The conditions are that it must be straight. It must achieve the objective and it must be the most limited course to arrive. It should likewise be wide and sufficiently roomy for everybody who needs to movement it. The Meaning of MustaqeemMustaqeem is gotten from istaqaama, which intends to be straight, upright, amend. We as of now said that for a street to be a sirat it must be straight, so this modifier of mustaqeem again accentuation the straightness of this Path. Another significance of mustaqeem is to stay firm or to stand firm without tilting. For instance, a tree that is solidly grounded when the breeze passes up it. Along these lines, the Straight Path is a way on which individuals are immovably grounded. The Path of Those The seventh and last ayah is: The way of those you have favored, not of those with outrage on them, nor of the individuals who are off track. (Al-Fatiha: 7) Who are the general population who have been honored by Allah (SWT) and whose Path we request to manual for? This is clarified by Allah (SWT) in another ayah where He says: Whosoever obeys Allah, and the Messenger, they are with those whom Allah has favored, the Prophets, the earnest, the saints and the equitable, and these are the best organization. (Al-Nisa': 69) In this way, the favored and favored individuals are the Prophets, the equitable, the saints and the devout. What's more, who are the general population with outrage on them and the individuals who are off track? This is clarified by the Prophet. ‘Adi ibn Hatim (RA) got some information about those with outrage on them and he answered that it alludes to the Jews. He at that point got some information about the individuals who are off track and he answered that it alludes to the Christians. This is accounted for by al-Tirmidhi and is credible.Effect on the life of a Muslim1-Forgoing gaining His dismay and endeavouring to acquire his supportIn a Hadith described by Companion Abu-Sa'ad (RA), a section read: â€Å"I will instruct a Surah which is the best Surah in the Quran before you leave the Masjid†. At that point he grabbed hold of my hand and when he planned to leave [the Masjid], I asked him, â€Å"Did you not state that you would show me a Surah which is the best Surah in the Qur'an?† He answered, â€Å"Yes. It is [the Surah initiating with], ‘All acclaim and thanks are because of Allah'. It is the Seven Oft-Repeated verses and the Great Qur'an that has been given to me.† 2.The regularly adoring, consistently managing nature of God The petition incorporated into the part is routed to God following the revelation by the devotee that he looks for assistance from nobody else however God. This equitable indicates the hugeness of the idea that, God alone is the turner of fortunes, the reliever of agony and the planner of predeterminations. Along these lines, an adherent ought to dependably swing to God for help as no one but He can change things around for him. This idea helps the devotee to enjoy supplication for his improvement. 3.Have confidence in God's Mercy The verses of this section incorporate a stressed specify of God's kindness. It expands the psyche of an adherent to realize that God is dependably there to hear us out, excuse us and better our lives. This general concept gives the devotee an extreme shelter; the asylum of God's unfathomable kindness. It's that place of refuge you can simply swing to if your expectation is honorable and confidence is clear. 4.Affirmation of God's characteristics The verses say God's lordship over the world and the great beyond. It passes on the adherent a basic thought that whatever lies in this world is made, kept up and directed by God alone and whatever lies past and after this world; the great beyond, is likewise represented by God in totality. This sets being an unassuming hireling of God and partner all acclaim because of Him. The Opening â€Å"In The Name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"(All) praise is (only) Allah's, the Lord of the Worlds.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Beneficent, The Merciful.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Master of the Day of Judgement.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thee (alone) do we worship and of Thee (only) do we seek help.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Guide us (O' Lord) on the Straight Path.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"The path of those upon whom Thou hast bestowed Thy bounties, not (the path) of those inflicted with Thy wrath, nor (of those) gone astray.â€Å"The Opening (Surah e Fatiha) has a different opening tone as compared to other surahs, its tone is extraordinary and has a particular style which is clearly different from others. The others surah of Quran includes commands for the mankind from Allah, whereas Surah e Fatiha is a way for the mankind to speak and communicate to their creator Allah Almighty without any mediator.It is a Mecci surah of Quran which means it was discovered by Prophet PBUH when he was in Makkah. It is kept at the the beginning of Quran and serves as a gateway to read the Holy Quran. It consists of 7 surahs and it is also a way to salah.Theme:Surah e Fatiha is described as the Mother of the Quran and the Seven oft-repeated verses. It describes the basic tenets of Islam, belief in Allah, the Prophet Muhammad PBUH and the purification of the soul and character. In many ways, Surah e Fatiha is a summary of the main themes of the Qur'an. The scholars have mentioned that the Qur'an is broadly divided into 3 main themes. Number one the Quran speaks about Allah, number two about the Prophets and past nations, and number three about the halal and haram.Allah: In the first three verses of the surah Allah Almighty tells about the very first principle that is to know Allah about His creation, His power, His attributes, His names. It gives us the message of Tauheed. It tells us that Allah is the most merciful and most beneficent and that He is the owner of the day of Judgement.Prophet:In the next verses of Surah, the second principle is described. It tells us to follow the Prophet PBUH his sacrifices, his life, his way of living, his character. It tells us to follow the straight path, the path of Prophet Muhammad PBUH to follow his Sunnah. And that he is the best example to follow.Halal and Haram:After following the first two principles a person heart becomes pure and it allows a person to do only those things that Allah lov es and follow the Sunnah and straight path of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH this helps a person to do halal deeds which leads to attain Allah's grace, blessings and love.Whereas if a person will not follow the first two principles it will lead to the creation of an evil person who does bad deeds and we only get Allah's wrath and anger.Virtue of Surah e Fatiha:There are many virtues of Surah e Fatiha such asIbn ‘Abbas narrated:†While Jibril was with the Messenger of Allah, he heard a noise from above. Jibril lifted his sight to the sky and said: â€Å"This is a door in the Heavens being opened, and it has never been opened before now.† An Angel descended from that door and came to the Prophet and said: â€Å"Receive the glad tidings of two lights that you have been given, which no other Prophet before you was given The Opening of the Book (Al Fatiha) and the last verses of ‘al-Baqarah.' You will not read a letter of them except that you will gain its benefit.† (Sahih Muslim).B) Impact of Surah e Fatiha On the Life of Muslim:There are many impact of surah e fatiha on the life of a Muslim. It is a blessing and holds a great position in the heart of every Muslim. By accepting every single word of it a person submits himself to Allah and because of submission of a person to Allah SWT we shape our lives in every manner possible. We recite surah e fatiha 17 times a day and without it our prayer remains incomplete. It helps us solve all our problems in daily life and connect us to Allah. It creates a mentality in the believer that the road to every moment of happiness and contentment. Every word of each verse nurture a sense of gratitude for the losses, hardships, and disappointments we face in life, by realizing that Allah offers us an opportunity to gain nearness to Him and forgiveness and rewards through patience during such events in life.C) Tafseer of Surah e Fatiha:The first verse:The first ayat of Surah Fatiha is: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Most Merciful. It is known as bismillah. It is good and necessary to recite before every action. The Meaning of al-Rahman and al-Raheem:Both these names are derived from the same root letters: raa,haa, meem; which means to have mercy. They both similar in meaning and both are connected to Allah. The fact that Allah and mention of two of His Names which have to do with Mercy, rather than Might and Power, to show just how important this is. The difference between al-Rahman and al-Raheem is that al-Rahman refers to Allah mercy to all of creation. It is His mercy which is extended to everything that exists.Al-Raheem refers to Allah's mercy which is specific for the believers. It indicates the doing of actionsThe second verse:The second ayat is: All praise be to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds. The word hamd means praise and thankfulness. The meaning of hamd, is the same as shukr. Hamd is something which must be done with love and affection, but shukr does not need this. Shukr is done in response to a favour which is done to a person but hamd is done simply because the one being praised and thanked. The Meaning of Rabb and Aalameen:Rabb is usually means and translate as Lord but it is much more. The Rabb is the creator, the king, the master and the one who controls everything in this universe. It comes from the root letters raa, baa which means to have control over everything.Aalameen means everything which exists other than Allah that is mankind, jinn, angels, and devils. In short, all those things which have souls.The third verse:The third ayat is: The Beneficent, The Most Merciful. The explanation of these two names has already been given. Why is it repeated? This is to once again emphasize the importance of the mercy. Also, when something is repeated in the Quran, then you should look at the ayat before it and aft er it, to see how they are related. In this case, the previous ayah mentioned that Allah is the Rabb of all the worlds. So, repeating the words, al-Rahman and al-Raheem after that, shows us that being the Rabb He provides us mercy.The fourth verse:The fourth ayat is: The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense.The Meaning of Maalik. Maalik means master and refers to â€Å"milk† that is the ownership of something whereas Malik means king, and it refers to â€Å"mulk† that is the dominion of a person. God is the Lord of the Day of Judgement. He will judge us He is powerful, that on the Day of Judgement no one will have the power either to resist the enforcement of punishments that He decrees or to prevent anyone from receiving the rewards that he decides to bestow. Hence, we should not forget that our ultimate happiness or misery rests completely with Him. The fifth verse:The fifth ayat is: You (alone) we worship and You (alone) we ask for help. Now we are addressing Allah. Worship means to obey, it means to submit yourself before Allah and to His Will. The ayah tells us that lordship and worship is due to Him. â€Å"Iyyaaka nasta'een† means we seek help, support and success. Usually, in most sentences the verb comes first and then the object but here the object of the verb is mentioned first and then the verb so to attach importance to it, to Allah refers the status of the slave and his worship which is lower so it will come after mentioning the Lord, Allah. The sixth verse:The sixth ayat is: Guide us on the Straight Path. This ayah is a dua which we make to show us the straight path and to guide us on it, so that we will get guidance and get closer to Him. We must prevent ourselves from doing bad deeds so that it doesn't draw us far away from Allah The Meaning of Siraat and Mustaqeem:Siraat is a road or a path. The ways to fulfil a siraat is tareeq or sabeel which also mean a road. The conditions are that it must be straight,reach the goal, it must be the shortest route to get there, must also be wide and spacious enough for everyone who wants to travel it.Mustaqeem is derived from the word istaqaama, which means to be straight, upright.The adjective of mustaqeem is to emphasize again the straightness of this path. The seventh and final verse:The seventh ayat is:The path of those you have blessed, not of those with anger on them, nor of those who are astray.So, the favoured and blessed people are the Prophets, the martyrs and the pious. And who are the people with anger on them and those who are astray? This is explained by the Prophet. ‘Adi ibn Hatim (RA) asked him about those with anger on them and he replied that it refers to the Jews. He then asked him about those who are astray and he replied that it refers to the Christians. This is reported by al-Tirmidhi and is authentic.

Discuss the sources of irish law and show how they relate to each Essay

Discuss the sources of irish law and show how they relate to each other - Essay Example These shall be discussed. Bunreacht na hEireann 1937 The Irish Constitution is the supreme source of law of Ireland although it is, arguably, not the main source in terms of quantity. The Constitution is the backbone of the Irish legal system consisting of the source of power exercised by the legislative, judicial and executive branches of government. The Irish Supreme Court and High Court are empowered to review all legislation and may strike down laws if they are inconsistent with the Irish constitution (McCutcheon et al 2008, p. 649) All laws passed by the legislature must comply with the provisions of the Constitution. Specifically, the Constitution provides that the Oireachtas must not enact any law which is repugnant to the Constitution or any provisions thereof (Article15.4.1-2) 4.1 The Oireachtas shall not enact any law which is in any respect repugnant to this Constitution or any provision thereof. 4.2 Every law enacted by the Oireachtas which is in any respect repugnant to this Constitution or to any provision thereof, shall, but to the extent only of such repugnancy, be invalid This means legislation ranks lower than the Constitution. The Constitution provides that the institution which can interpret both the Constitution itself and all the other sources of law are the Courts of law. (Articles 34-37) As the primary source of law as well as having a higher status within the jurisdiction, all other laws must be in conformity with it. Any law that does not comply with the Constitution is invalid. The Constitution regulates the relationship between the organs of government and the citizens and those living in Ireland. (Article 6) The Constitution also guarantees certain fundamental rights and freedoms such as equality before the law, personal liberty, property rights, and freedom of religion and the importance of the family. (Articles 40-44) The Constitution is in both official languages but in the case of incompatibility it is the Irish version which wi ll prevail as it is the first official language. (Articles 8 and 25) Legislation This is law produced through the Oireachtas. This is, arguably, the most important source of law in the modern day Ireland. Firstly, in terms of quantity, the Oireachtas produces far more legal rules than any other source. Secondly, under Article 15 of the Constitution, the Oireachtas has‘sole and exclusive’ law making power. The Irish Constitution assigns to the Oireachtas the sole law making power within the State. (Article 15.2) Every year a large number of pieces of legislation known as statutes are brought into operation as Acts of the Oireachtas. The procedure for the creation of Acts is provided for in the Constitution. Acts of the Oireachtas are known as primary legislation and must follow a particular procedure to be legitimate including going through both houses of the Oireachtas, the Dail and the Seanad. Each piece of legislation must be compatible with the Irish Constitution and the Supreme Court of Ireland may strike down legislation if it is not compliant with the Constitution. Statutes are divided into sections and parts, depending on their length. Article 25 of the Irish Constitution states that all acts must be in both official languages, Irish and English and in the case of contradiction it is the Irish version which will prevail. Each act or statute must be compatible with the Constitution, and may be referred to the Supreme Court by the President to decide

Liv Doll by Spin Master Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Liv Doll by Spin Master - Research Paper Example Because of the special features using electronic components, Liv Dolls caught the attention of the teenagers all over the world. This paper briefly analyses the macro-environmental variables like; Political and legal, Economic, Social and cultural, and Technological factors  of Spin Master through the marketing perspectives of Liv Dolls. Global economic conditions are not so good at present which is not a good sign for the Liv Dolls of Spin Masters. People forced to cut down their expenditure on non-productive goods in order to streamline their family budget in the right track, especially in the dipping economic conditions. In other words, the toy market is facing stiff problems at present which is not a good sign for Spin master’s product, Live Doll. â€Å"Liv dolls are in stores now and retail for $19.99 and accessory items range from $5.49 to $19.99† (Spin Master Launches Liv Dolls, 2010). Spending 20 dollars for toy items was not a big thing earlier, but at present people forced to cut down even such small expenditures because of the recession problems. Spin Master says the girls are targeted at girls aged six to ten. The dolls include Daniela, Sophie, Katie, and Alexis. Spin Master says some features of the dolls include 14 points of movement, easy to change wigs, insert-able glass eyes, and detailed fashions. The Liv Dolls are adorable. They do have a passing resemblance to Bratz dolls because of the larger head size, but they don't look slutty like the Bratz dolls do (Spin Master Launches Liv Dolls, 2010) Spin Master completely redesigned the toy concept in the market. They succeeded in rewriting many of the traditional concepts about the designs and features of a toy, existing in the market.  

In Edith Wharton stories souls belated and Autre Temps Essay

In Edith Wharton stories souls belated and Autre Temps - Essay Example However Edith Wharton in her short stories ‘Soul Belated’ and ‘Auster Temps’ tries to rectify the situation and struggles to present an independent woman who is able to decide for herself and has the tendency and courage to strife for her freedom and happiness. Although the readers get a totally opposite impression as they observe the women protagonists trying to struggle in the pursuit of happiness yet they find themselves failing tremendously. Both the stories project two divorced women and the problems and insecurities they face because of the treatment to which society had subjected them to before and after their divorce. Mrs. Lidcote in Auster Temps’ deal with her insecurities regarding her daughter’s future and the disappointments she faces when she realizes that even after twenty years the society still shuns her. On the other Lydia in Soul Belated is observed to be trying to run away from the shackles of marriage again as she relishes h er new found freedom after her separation from her husband and the eminent divorce in the near future. In Mrs. Lidcote case the readers observe that the woman’s decision to return to states after twenty years to meet her daughter and try to face the cruel society matrons again is a proof of her courage and determination to deal with any sort of unpleasant conduct of the society for her daughter’s sake. However in her particular situation it is observed that she is a victim of society’s prejudices and such a harsh behavior not only effects her emotionally but also takes its toll on her relationship with her daughter and Franklin Ide which becomes quite strained as both the characters in their efforts to protect her from any sort of harm implicitly imply that she is still not accepted by the society matrons. Hence she feels as if she is alone in this world and her desolate state is not because of lack of inner strength to defy the strictures of society and live in dependently but because of the prejudices and impartiality of the society However Lydia from the beginning of the story is depicted in a manner that gives her an aura of vulnerability and projects her as an indecisive young woman as this is clearly apparent from her attempt to avoid discussing the divorce letter. Her attempt to escape from a major confrontation is symbolic of her lack of courage. Subsequently as the story unfolds for her the best solution to every trouble is to try to run away from it as also observed towards the end she again tries to turn her back and run away from Gannett’s offer of marriage. Though she is scared for her image in front of Lady Susan and the rest of her party but she does not makes any attempt to accept her reality and face them like Mrs. Lidcote. Instead she decides to cut herself free from Gannett. Then again in the end it is observed that she succumbs to marry Gannett and this particular action is a testimony against her lack of courage because even when she convinces herself to board the boat at the last moment she runs back because may be she is the conventional sort of the woman who accepts that her existence in this world without a man and a legitimate relationship is near to impossible. So she realizes that rather than fighting fate it is better to give in and face life as it comes rather than anticipating disappointments without taking the plunge. Hence it is observed th

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English - Essay Example He wants to find his father, and thinks that a black American soldier is his father, and so he goes to find him. The soldier give him gifts and bring him back to the nuns. The real point of this story, however, is to tell two stories at the same time. The first and simplest story is the search of the boy Joe for his father. The much bigger story is the problem that all human beings have: they need to figure out their own place in the world. The time and the place of the story are explained at the beginning. There is a clue to the universal nature of the themes in the first line when the children are called â€Å"eighty one small sparks of human life.† (line 1) This description emphasizes how important each child is, even though they have been abandoned by their parents. The war has meant that these children are separated from all that they knew, and some of the local German people look at them and wonder what nationality they have. The nuns do not care what nationality the chi ldren have, and just see them as children needing care. There is one child who is given a special name, â€Å"the Brown Bomber† which is the name of a famous black American boxer. This is quite amusing for the people watching but it is not funny for the boy. Actually he has no name. The nuns call him Karl Heinz, which is a very Germanic name. The people watching call him Joe, after Joe Louis, which is an American name, but the boy does not speak English and does not understand that the name belongs to a boxer. It is only when he sees the black soldiers that he realizes there are more people like him: â€Å"I ran away from the orphanage because I belong with you.† (line 193) The sergeant realizes that it is not so simpler and points out that it is not a joke, because the boy is all alone in the world. The setting in Germany is very interesting because the Nazis were very fond of blue eyes and blond hair, thinking that these were signs of a super race. Joe has blue eyes, and he has black skin, and so he holds in his nature two opposite things. He is only six years old (line 30) and it is very sad that he does not know what his real name is, or who his parents are. He learns the truth from one of the older children who tells him that his mother was German and his father was an American soldier. The author does not mention that this was seen as a very shameful thing by the Germans, but the reader can guess this from the nun’s reaction. She explains that no one knows who his parents are, and reassures him, saying that he is a good boy and so they must be good people. The young boy Joe does not even know what an American is, or where that place is, and he has no idea about the ocean. This is a very sad part of the story because he is absolutely lost and abandoned with no idea about his own origins. Children often see the world more accurately than adults, and the story shows that he understands only that he must find out where his own people are . People tease him and say his father is in the woods, but he does not understand the joke and thinks they are being serious. On a deeper level, the story is saying that the American soldiers are, in a way, the father of this lonely little boy. His attachment to one particular man is a symbolic attachment to his ethnic origin, and also to the country of his father. The chocolate that the black soldiers give him is something he has never seen before, and it, too, is a symbol of the good things

Infectious Diseases within Inmate Populations Essay

Infectious Diseases within Inmate Populations - Essay Example The research has been carried out this way to give more of an interpretation on the realism of the prison environment and what is currently proving adverse and hard to control. The conclusion summarizes the main points and brings emphases to the strategies that have been implemented in the last few years to keep down the rate of infectious diseases among the inmate population. In just the past five years the amount of people being incarcerated in America has increased dramatically, topping the statistics of other countries who incarcerate individuals on a yearly basis. Because of this continuing problem disease has become eradicate in the prison environment and there are times when the attempt to control it is overwhelming to prison and public officials (Needels et al 2005). However, in years dating back to the mid 1900's, the spread of disease in prison was even more intensive than it is today. The only difference was the occurrence of disease was kept concealed and many people were exiting the prison system with infectious diseases without being aware of them. ... Therefore in order to appropriately detour disease in the prison and jail systems in the future there needs to be extreme precautions and remedies put into affect in today's time before this issue expels over into the community as an epidemic of disease related illnesses. Of course, one of the most difficult infectious diseases within the prisons in the United States is the wide spread illness of HIV. In fact it has been a difficult disease to try and combat for many years but this is due to the fact of the activities within the prison systems that can lead to the acquisition of HIV in the inmate population. For instance, many prisoners engage in activities such as homosexual acts, unsterilized needle usage for tattooing and drug use, unsanitary habits, etc; within the prison environment which leaves them open to contracting a major disease such as this one and therefore the contraction of it within an inmate population is extremely high and very difficult to keep at a minimal level. However peer education has proven to be an essential way to provide prisoners with literary materials that help them to understand how to protect themselves from contracting such serious illnesses like Hepatitis and HIV (UNAIDS 1996). Nevertheless, there are still many p rison and jail systems that are highly lacking in intervention methods to control infectious diseases. This poses many concerns for the officials who work inside the prison for not only are the inmates health issues a concern but the health of those trying to maintain law and order within the prison environment, and those who visit inmates from the neighboring communities becomes a major problematic area for health officials trying to keep disease to a minimum. This is why it was previously stated that

Systems and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Systems and Operations Management - Essay Example The company has had steady and consistent growth over years with growing and expanding customer base to Perth, Sydney and Canberra. It is aligned to the path of progress, increasing market share and sustainability of the business. The company has come of age through trial and error, occasionally faced by challenges ranging from changing business practices and customer desires. The growth has been informed by good business acumen of the founder, Lachlan Atokowa. The vision was in wealth accumulation and running a professional enterprise. The company has been able to command a good market by leveraging on the market potential and customer friendly prices and products. The company capitalizes on good business thriftiness and radical process change to ensure customer requirements are met. The company is currently in the process of reviewing its growth potential and increasing customer satisfaction by addressing their needs effectively. In doing so, the company will inspect the ingredient s of production like the inputs, process and outputs. Customer satisfaction will be attained by the company through meeting their requirements. The company will conduct verification, audit and inspection of its processes by undertaking data collection which will involve getting the responses of the customers about the products, customer handling and the effectiveness of the delivery process. This study will advise on what best to the process can be done in order increase process efficiency and effectiveness which will consequently increase the market share, increase dividends to shareholders and improve on customer satisfaction. The results will be tremendous as company long term survival, assured employment, greater market share and sustainability. The recommendations made regarding the change of process will ultimately change the effectiveness of operations and efficiency of the product life cycle. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS AND OPERATIONS 6 i) Prod uct design and conceptualization 6 Fig. 1: Illustration of Atokowa product cycle 7 2.2 Listing objectives, likely risks and key controls areas in the process 8 2.3 Risks identified with Atokowa process and operations 8 Table 1: Risks identified with Atokowa process and operations 8 2.4 Atokowa process control 9 2.4.1 Process control tools 9 2.4.2Process Profile Work Sheet 10 Table 1: Atokowa process profile worksheet 10 2.4.3 Atokowa process analysis 11 2.5 Decision Hierarchy Models 11 2.5.1 Processes requiring improvement 12 Fig. 2: Atokowa process improvement tree 12 2.5.2 Atokowa process prioritization 13 Table 2: Atokowa process prioritization 13 2.5.3 Problem Identification 14 Figure 3: Atokowa decision process development 17 3.0 Conclusion 17 4.0 Recommendations 17 References 22 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Atokowa product system life cycle 7 Fig. 2: Atokowa process improvement tree 12 Figure 3: Atokowa decision process development 17 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Risks identified with A tokowa process and operations 8 Table 1: Atokowa process profile worksheet 10 Table 2: Atokowa process prioritization 13 1. INTRODUCTION Atokowa Company has a commitment to review its production processes as a means to exploit new business opportunities and market advantage. It is engaged in carrying out an effective analysis of a business process that should take into consideration the business’

Corporate social responsibility Essay Example for Free

Corporate social responsibility Essay Social responsibility is an ethical theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystems. Businesses can use ethical decision making to secure their businesses by making decisions that allow for government agencies to minimize their involvement with the corporation. Critics argue that Corporate social responsibility (CSR) distracts from the fundamental economic role of businesses; others argue that it is nothing more than superficial window-dressing; others argue that it is an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful corporations though there is no systematic evidence to support these criticisms. A significant number of studies have shown no negative influence on shareholder results from CSR but rather a slightly negative correlation with improved shareholder returns. Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. In some models, a firms implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance and engages in actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and that which is required by law. CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the companys actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. FUNCTIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The function of corporate social responsibility is for corporations to hold themselves accountable for the ethical, legal, societal and ecological impacts of their business practices. Corporate social responsibility practices are self-monitoring, meaning there arent laws requiring corporations to behave in a socially responsible manner. Rules regarding corporate responsibility practices are generally written into the corporate bylaws, mission statements and employee handbooks. Ethical Function Ethics are one of the most important aspects in corporate governance and therefore have an important function in corporate social responsibility. A company must have internal controls regarding the expected ethical behavior and consequences of unethical business practices of its top executives and employees. Behaving ethically makes the company as a whole accountable to its investors, shareholders and consumers. The ethical function of corporate social responsibility helps to prevent conflicts of interest between earning corporate profits and maintaining the integrity of the company and the goods and services it produces. Legal Function The legal function of corporate social responsibility is to encourage transparency in a companys business practices and financial reporting. Maintaining high levels of legal business practices, such as adhering to Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations promotes goodwill toward employees. Maintaining high levels of legal financial practices maintains good will among investors, stakeholders and government financial-reporting regulatory agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Societal Function The societal function of corporate social responsibility is to respect and invest in the communities in which the company operates. Companies are aware of how the production of their products affects the local community. These companies take necessary actions to diminish the negative impacts of factors such as increased traffic, noise and pollution for the communities in which they operate. The societal function of corporate social responsibility also includes companies reinvesting in the communities in which they operate, such as donating money to local charities. Ecological Function The ecological function of corporate social responsibility is to not only respect the immediate environment in which the company operates but also to respect the companys effect on the global environment. Companies are aware of the environmental impact the production of their products have on their local communities. In corporate social responsibility, these companies adhere to strict standards in an effort to diminish the negative impact of the environmental byproducts such as air and water pollution from the production of their products. Having such standards impacts both the local and global environments. CHARACTERISTICS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, first appeared in the late 1960s in response to the need for businesses to address the effect of their pursuits on the environment and society, in addition to the interests of their shareholders. CSR attempts to portray corporations as responsible citizens who are concerned with issues of social and environmental welfare. The Public CSR argues that corporations bear responsibility for the effect they have on other sectors of society. The activities of corporations have an impact on individuals who dont work for them and dont buy their products, through, for example, secondary economic impacts and degradation of the natural environment. CSR acknowledges this, and attempts to make the interactions between corporations and society positive and productive. This can be done by consulting with neighbors and citizens who are affected by corporate activities and by striving for transparency in corporate pursuits so that the public knows what is going on. The Environment Increased knowledge on the part of the public about declining resources, toxic waste and global warming is compelling companies to make more efforts to be more environmentally benign. The traditional view that the natural world is merely a source of materials and an equally convenient dump for waste is being challenged from many quarters, and CSR is an attempt by corporations to respond to these concerns. The sincerity of changes being made on the part of corporations includes some serious efforts to achieve sustainability and other efforts that are essentially greenwashing, activities in which corporations put more effort into appearing green than into actually being green. Clients CSR challenges the traditional wisdom that the interests and needs of the clients of a corporation will be adequately protected by the market itself. Because the free market has been severely compromised by a combination of government subsidies and manipulative marketing practices, CSR attempts to remedy this situation by installing practices into corporate life that will monitor the interaction between corporations and their clients in an attempt to ensure that nobody is being exploited or cheated. Consumer protection can be enforced by the government or voluntarily pursued by companies, the latter course have clear advantages for the public relations of the company. Staff Staff and employees of corporations have a right to expect fair pay, safe working conditions and meaningful work. CSR is one aspect of a transformation in the corporate world that attempts to overcome archaic views of workers as mere means to an end on the part of shareholders. Particularly in less developed countries that are often the sites of intensive resource extraction, the treatment of labor is frequently substandard. CSR is intended to promote the rights of all workers and to ensure that corporations respect these rights and make whatever changes are required to prevent the exploitation and mistreatment of labor. FOUR TYPES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY As large corporations begin to dominate the world economy, it raises questions about the importance of corporate social responsibility in business. A variety of types of corporate social responsibilities have emerged in public discussions, and understanding their implications is important. Environmental Responsibility People expect businesses to exhibit environmentally responsible behavior, as evidenced by a PricewaterhouseCoopers survey that found that the No. 1 issue for companies in the future, according to U. S. respondents, is carbon emissions reductions. Specific environmental issues that affect businesses include global warming, sustainable resources and pollution. Businesses are being urged by environmental groups and governments to reduce their carbon footprint, to obtain their materials from sustainable sources and to reduce their pollution. Human Rights Responsibility The 21st-century marketplace is highly global. This means that when a product is purchased in the United States, for example, it may have been produced in China, or have components from South America. The ethical issue for corporations is ensuring that human rights are respected throughout all levels of the supply chain. Major companies have received criticism for their use of sweat shops and for sourcing resources that are harvested by unfairly treated workers. This has lead to a push for the use of strict labor standards to be applied to suppliers, and a demand for fair trade products such as chocolate and coffee. Financial Responsibility Financial responsibility is an important issue in corporate social responsibility. In the wake of the accounting fraud perpetrated by Enron and Arthur Andersen and Ponzi schemes orchestrated by the likes of Bernie Madoff, businesses are questioned about the accuracy of their financial reporting by increasingly skeptical shareholders and government officials, as evidenced by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Employees are expected to act as whistle blowers in such situations, and white collar crime is seeing high-profile prosecutions like that of Martha Stewart or former Worldcom CEO Bernie Ebbers. Political Responsibility Trading with repressive regimes is a difficult issue in corporate social responsibility. Some businesses argue that working with these regimes will help to advance them and bring rights to the countries. People and governments have demanded that businesses stop trading with repressive regimes, which was most notably observed when several western governments launched an embargo against the Apartheid government in South Africa during the 1980s. Shell Oil received considerable consumer backlash during the 1990s for its complicit involvement with the Nigerian government that murdered anti-oil activists. These issues make doing business with certain governments an important consideration for corporate social responsibility. PROS CONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate social responsibility is generally perceived as a positive business ideology in the 21st century, despite some challenges. A significant expansion of basic business ethics, CSR establishes guidelines for ethical and socially responsible behavior. It addresses how companies that want to satisfy government and societal requirements should treat key stakeholder groups, including customers, suppliers, employees and the community. Pro 1: Social Responsibility and Customer Relationships One of the foundational elements of CSR is that it causes companies to reason beyond basic ethics to consider the benefits of active involvement in communities. In his article The 7 Principles of Business Integrity, business strategist Robert Moment argues that 21st-century companies must prove themselves to customers to build long-term, trusting relationships. They must also get involved in the community to give back. This community connection endears your company to the local markets in which you operate. Pro 2: Motivated Employees Employees are a companys most valued asset. This is the premise of a companys obligation to this key stakeholder group with regard to CSR compliance. This means treating employees with respect and offering fair working conditions. It also means establishing fair hiring practices and promoting a non-discriminatory workplace. This improves morale within the workplace and encourages teamwork. Additionally, a writer on the As You Sow website stresses the importance of managing a diverse workplace so that you can benefit from a variety of backgrounds and life experiences. Con 1: Expenses The main reason any company would object to participating in CSR is the associated costs. With CSR, you pay for environmental programs, more employee training and efficient waste management programs. Proponents of CSR agree that any expenses to businesses are ultimately covered by stronger relationships with key customers. However, David Vogel indicates in his Forbes article CSR Doesnt Pay that investment in CSR programs may not necessary result in measurable financial results. Con 2: Shareholder Expectations Another challenge for companies when considering CSR is the possible negative perception of shareholders. Historically, publicly-owned companies had a primary focus of maximizing shareholder value. Now, they must balance the financial expectations of company owners with the social and environmental requirements of other stakeholder groups. Some shareholders are happy to invest in companies that operate with high integrity. Others may not approve of the aforementioned expenses of operating under CSR guidelines. IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Social responsibility is so important to current and long-term business success that corporate social responsibility, CSR, has become a widely recognized business process in the early 21st century. An entrepreneur point out that CSR is an evolution of corporate ethics because it involves balancing the social expectations of all stakeholders, including shareholders, citizens, providers and customers, along with environmental responsibility. Basic Integrity Most experts and CSR analysts agree that this broad business concept is an evolution of basic business ethics and integrity. Entrepreneur and business strategist Robert Moment The 7 Princes of Business Integrity agree that treating stakeholders with respect and earning trust of customers through ethical business operations is the CSR foundation. Leading advocate of corporate accountability, the As You Sow Foundation, also stresses the importance of internal business controls that mandated ethics from corporate leaders and employees. Community Relations The word social is key to understanding how CSR goes beyond basic integrity. Moment states in one of his seven principles that as a CSR adherent, you must remain involved in community-related issues and activities thereby demonstrating that your business is a responsible community contributor. This community involvement and participation shows your marketplace that you are interested in more than just taking money from their pockets. In the long run, this strategy leads to a stronger public reputation and more profitable business relationships. The Environment Another reason CSR is much broader than conventional business ethics is its necessary inclusion of environmental responsibility. Once an opportunity for companies to add value and enhance their brand image, green-friendly operations are now a societal requirement with CSR. As You Sow discusses the importance of preserving the environment, optimizing efficient use of natural resources, such as renew, reuse and recycle, and reduction of waste as important to the environmental component of CSR. Companies that do not consider these initiatives draw the ire of the government, public and consumer watch groups. Bottom Line The underlying question is whether CSR operations improve a companys bottom line performance. David Vogel argues in his 2008 Forbes article that CSR Doesnt Pay. Vogel argues that operating under CSR guidelines is not likely to produce higher tangible profits for a company throughout time. Now that socially responsible behavior is expected, it goes largely unnoticed, argues Vogel. He does agree, though, that companies that ignore CSR may experience public backlash and negative business consequences. Still, many advocates of CSR believe that companies can still profit in the long run through stronger business and customer relationships. PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The main principles involving corporate social responsibility involve economic, legal, ethical and discretionary aspects. A corporation needs to generate profits, while operating within the laws of the state. The corporation also needs to be ethical, but has the right to be discretional about the decisions it makes. Levels of corporate social responsiveness to an issue include being reactive, defensive, responsive and interactive. All terms are useful in issues management. Selecting when and how to act can make a difference in the outcome of the action taken. CSR has inspired national governments to include CSR issues into their national public policy agendas. The increased importance driven by CSR has prompted governments to promote socially and environmentally responsible corporate practices. Over the past decade governments have considered CSR as a public issue that requires national governmental involvement to address the very issues relevant to CSR. The heightened role of government in CSR has facilitated the development of numerous CSR programs and policies. Increasingly, corporations are motivated to become more socially responsible because their most important stakeholders expect them to understand and address the social and community issues that are relevant to them. Understanding what causes are important to employees is usually the first priority because of the many interrelated business benefits that can be derived from increased employee engagement (i. e. more loyalty, improved recruitment, increased retention, higher productivity, and so on). Key external stakeholders include customers, consumers, investors (particularly institutional investors), and communities in the areas where the corporation operates its facilities, regulators, academics, and the media. The debate, on whether responsibility of a business enterprise is only to its shareholders (owners) or to all stakeholders, including environment and the society at large, is an on going one and continues. In received literature â€Å"Stakeholder†, as an expression is fairly recent in origin, reportedly appearing first in an internal memorandum of the Stanford Research Institute in the year 1963. According to a definition given by Edward Freeman â€Å"A stakeholder is any group or individual who can effect, or is affected by the activities and achievements of an organization. † Friedrich Neubauer and Ada Demb in â€Å"The Legitimate Corporation† identify six groups of distinguishable stakeholders (not necessarily in this order) as follows a) Providers of funds b) Employees c) General public d) Government e) Customers and f) Suppliers An increasing number of companies are reporting publicly on their social, environmental and ethical performance, both as a communication to stakeholders, and as a management tool. However, as this practice has only become more widespread since the mid 1990s, there is as yet no standard format to address the type of information companies choose to report, or how that information is collected, analyzed and presented. At the same time, many stakeholders are becoming increasingly sophisticated in the type and quality of information they are demanding from companies. In an effort to meet these demands as well as to strengthen the credibility of their social and environmental reports some companies are choosing to have their reports externally verified. In doing so, companies recognize that verification by a third party can add value to the overall social and environmental reporting process by enhancing relationships with stakeholders, improving business performance and decision-making, aligning practice with organizational values, and strengthening reputation risk management. Social Responsibility Principles The Corporate Social Responsibility is based on the following principles: Legal Compliance Principle: The enterprise shall comply with and understand all applicable, local, international, written, declared, and effected laws and regulations, in accordance with fixed, specific procedures. Adherence to Customary International Laws Principle: The enterprise shall adhere to international and governmental agreements, executive regulations, declarations, covenants, decisions, and guidelines, when setting its policies and practices pertinent to Social Responsibility. Respecting Related Stakeholders lefts Principle: The enterprise shall acknowledge and accept the diversity of related stakeholders’ lefts and interests, and the diversity of the major and minor enterprises activities and products, among other elements, which may affect such related stakeholders. Transparency Principle: the enterprise shall clearly, accurately, and comprehensively declare its policy, decisions, and activities, including known and potential effects on environment and society. Moreover, such information shall be available to affected persons, or those who are likely to be affected materially by the enterprise. Respect for Human lefts Principle: the enterprise shall execute policies and practices which shall result in respecting existent human lefts in the Universal Declaration of Human lefts. Because CSR can influence economic, environmental and social factors in a variety of ways, there is no â€Å"one size fits all† approach. An effective CSR strategy must consider alignment with the organization’s business strategy, commercial added value, and sustainability of impact. The benefits of an effective CSR approach to an organization can include: Stronger performance and profitability Improved relations with the investment community and access to capital Enhanced employee relations and company culture Risk management and access to social opportunities Stronger relationships with communities and legal regulators CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT RELIANCE POWER LTD Reliance Power Limited is part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, one of India’s largest business houses. It was established to develop, construct and operate power projects in the Indian and international markets. Reliance Energy Limited, an Indian private sector power utility company and the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group promote Reliance Power. With its subsidiaries, it is developing 13 medium and large-sized power projects with a combined planned installed capacity of 33,480 MW. Reliance Natural Resources merged with Reliance Power in 2010, shortly after its initial public offering. The group operates across multiple sectors, including telecommunications, financial services, media and entertainment, infrastructure and energy. The energy sector companies include Reliance Infrastructure and Reliance Power. Reliance Power has been established to develop, construct and operate power projects both in India as well as internationally. The Company on its own and through its subsidiaries has a portfolio of over 35,000 MW of power generation capacity, both in operation as well as capacity under development. The power projects are going to be diverse in terms of geographic location, fuel type, fuel source and off-take, and each project is planned to be strategically located near an available fuel supply or load centre. The company has 1,540 MW of operational power generation assets. The projects under development include seven coal-fired projects to be fueled by reserves from captive mines and supplies from India and elsewhere; two gas-fired projects; and twelve hydroelectric projects, six of them in Arunachal Pradesh, five in Himachal Pradesh and one in Uttarakhand. Reliance Power has won three of the four Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) awarded by the Indian Government so far. These include UMPPs in Sasan( Madhya Pradesh),Krishnapatnam( Andhra Pradesh) Tilaiya(Jharkhand). UMPPs are a significant part of the Indian governments initiative to collaborate with power generation companies to set up 4,000 MW projects to ease the country’s power deficit situation. Besides these, Reliance Power is also developing coal bed methane (CBM) blocks to fuel gas based power generation. The company is registering projects with the Clean Development Mechanism executive board for issuance of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) certificates to augment its revenues. Reliance Power in its continuous efforts to positively impact the society, especially the areas around its sites and offices, has formulated policies for social development that are based on the following guiding principles: Adopt an approach that aims at achieving a greater balance between social development and economic development. Adopt new measures to accelerate and ensure the basic needs of all people. Work towards elimination of all barriers for the social inclusion of disadvantaged groups- such as the poor and the disabled Give unfailing attention to children for in their hands lies the countrys future. It is for their sake that health, education and environment get topmost priority in our programs and investments. In areas around its power plant sites in Sasan,Rosa,Krishnapatnam,Butibori,Chitrangi and others, Reliance Power has been actively involved in various social and environmental organizations to address the issue of sustainable development and social uplift. The Company in discharge of its responsibility as a corporate citizen actively contributes to community welfare measures and takes up several social initiatives every year. Reliance Power Ltd. has been closely working with institutions and social organizations and supporting their programs for social development, adult literacy, adoption of village, tree plantation schemes etc. HEALTH Health and safety are of universal concern across the spectrum of communities. As a company, we are not only committed to compliance with legal norms but its is our endeavour to voluntarily go beyond that and provide quality healthcare facilities in the regions around our site. We are committed to providing all possible support to create awareness on various health related issues impacting the local people. We believe in a multidimensional approach that considers the needs of the area leading to an effective plan to address all issues in consultation with the local administration, community workers and NGOs working in the area. At its various project sites, Reliance Power sites runs medical facility center, physiotherapy center, and mobile medical vans that dispenses free medicines and provide free health check-ups. Also periodically we come up with health camps like general health check up camps, gynecology camps, eye check up camps and corrective surgery camps for disabled children. EDUCATION Education is a basic tool to bring development to an area and its people. We aim to create an awareness pool of human resource both within and across our area of operations. We are committed to bridging the digital divide between the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ in educational infrastructure and facilities. Exposure to technology along with a sustainable education model could be strengthened through partnership with government and quasi-government agencies. Reliance Power is involved in a surfeit of activities that have changed the lives of the people residing at the sites or the PAFs (Project Affected Families). Education is the main thrust of these activities. Major contributions made in the area include building of a DAV school at the site for the children of the PAFs and the children of the villages around the sites, free school bus facility for the students, stipend to every child who attends school (a boy child gets Rs. 250 per month while a girl child gets a stipend of Rs. 300 per month), free uniforms, study tours for children, teaching aids to the teachers, training of teachers, as well as night schools for uneducated adults etc. EMPLOYMENT Community is an integral part of the business environment and the basic commitment lies towards augmenting the overall economic and social development of local communities by discharging our social responsibilities in a sustainable manner. Reliance Power invests significantly in skill up gradation of people around the sites. The trained manpower available for construction will ensure quality and accident free working. CIDC, a Government of India initiative has been engaged and has trained about 300 project affected youths as electricians, welders, carpenters and masons and bar benders in batches of 40 each. To further encourage them we paid them, a monthly stipend of Rs. 1000 per month. In addition efforts are on to enroll the oustees in short term courses at the ITI operating in the region. Apart from these, training is also provided are: Computer coaching centre English speaking classes Personality development classes Physiotherapy training center Training by NAC (National Academy of Construction) and use them for future requirement of the construction. For the women folk of the villages, in an effort to empower them the company trains them in soft skills like tailoring and poultry farming etc. Reliance Power provides assistance to women keen on starting their own businesses. THE HUMAN TOUCH BEYOND POLICY IMPERATIVES Although the main thrust of Reliance Power’s CSR lies in providing quality education, health care and livelihood, we don’t restrict ourselves to it. In order to better lives around our areas of interest and business, we strive to provide basic amenities like electrification in the villages, augmentation and development of roads connecting the village to the main roads, old age support for senior citizens of the project affect families, development of the grazing lands for the cattle of the villagers, afforestation and veterinary camps for domestic cattle. Moral and financial support is extended during social occasions like marriages, community prayers, funerals and other such occasions.

Encouraging younger members of our communities Essay Example for Free

Encouraging younger members of our communities Essay If we allow children to make some decisions and be involved how does that help them develop? The advantages of encouraging younger members of our communities to become more actively involved in making decisions can be influential to their future. When children and young people have the opportunity to identify the problems that affect their lives and, most importantly, find and implement the solutions, it builds their self-confidence and encourages them to value the positive impact they can have on the lives of others. Through increasingly meaningful and active participation in decision-making children can develop their own identity, a sense of belonging and usefulness. This encourages them to respond to educational opportunities and enter more fully into life at school. A child, whose active engagement with the world and who has been encouraged from a young age, will become more confident to make correct decisions later on in life from skill and mistakes previous involved in. Why is it important you are a positive role model and how do you do this? Having a role model can give a child focus in their lives and something to work towards. Often a role model has a character trait or job that your child desires to have. Because of the role models example children are more likely to work to achieve their goals. A role model can inspire a child to dream big. Often circumstances make dreams seem impossible. A child who has no role model cannot imagine overcoming. A child whose role model has achieved can inspire a child to work harder and achieve their dreams. Those who often find success do so because they had a role model who spurred them on to great things. There are setbacks in every persons life. Knowing that someone else has overcome and achieved will help your child during the hard times. They can look at their role model and realise that at one point they were a child and faced adversity. Yet they were able to achieve their goals. This will help give the child the strength to overcome. Having a role model can help a child develop good habits. If your child has a desire to succeed and become like their role model they will develop those habits necessary to achieve that goal. How can disability affect some children? Having a learning disability has some effect on a childs ability to interact with other students. A child quickly realises that differences exist in the ability to learn certain subjects, compared to peers. A child with a learning disability must work much harder than peers do to complete school assignments. Long hours are spent trying to complete the same homework that other students complete in a much shorter space of time. Because the learning disabled child must work harder than other students, yet not do as well on test or assignments, the child will struggle with self-esteem. It is quite common for fellow students to call learning disabled students names, or talk about the disabilities behind their backs. Therefore, the learning disabled student may have few true and long-lasting friendships. A childs self-esteem and self-worth, is quite often closely tied to the opinions of peer groups and close friendships. A child with a disability may find learning to read complicated. This may allow the child to become frustrated and problems could arise at home or in school, behavioural problems could also be seen, as well as the child becoming unenthusiastic or disliking school. What support can families with a child with disabilities access? Think respite care, short-term breaks, support services in the home, out of school clubs. When a care relationship is not professional and not based on shifts and normal working hours, but is continuous for 24 hours a day, seven days a week, a break is not a luxury but essential to maintain the caring role. Day respite can be provided to offer short periods of respite in a range of different ways either in the home or in day centres for older people, or via adult day care resources and enhanced care units. It may also be possible to access services provided by the private and voluntary sectors. Residential respite and phased care can be provided in a residential setting to enable carers to have a break from their caring role. The council has a number of units, which may provide this. Short breaks give disabled children and young people enjoyable experiences away from their primary carers, contributing to their personal and social development and reducing social isolation. They also give parents and families a necessary and valuable break from caring responsibilities and disabled children and young people access to inclusive activities in their local community.There are many different ways to provide short breaks. Each break will differ and depend on the needs of your child and family.Short Breaks can include group based support – for example holiday clubs, after school clubs, sports groups individual short breaks – for example personal assistants, care in the home Children’s centres and extended schools are designed to support children and young people in achieving the five outcomes set out in Every Child Matters, to stay safe, be healthy, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being.

Status Of English Language Education In China English Language Essay

Status Of English Language Education In China English Language Essay In today world, English language is widely used and the status of the language can viewed differently according to where it is utilized in several parts of the world. In some nations like the United Kingdom, the United States, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland and Australia, English is considered a native language. However, Singapore, Philippine, India, and Malaysia regard English as a second language whereas other countries including Greece, Russia, Poland, Thailand, Vietnam, and others view English a foreign language (Bray Kashrus, 1985, 1992 as cited in Zhang, Zhang 2008). As the language of communication in numerous fields, both developing and developed countries have adopted and used English language accordingly. China, one of those countries, has accepted and utilized English in diverse domains, so that they may properly develop their country and build more relationships with outside world or vice versa. According to Ford, 1988 Bickers, 1999 as cited in Zhang (2008), English language has entered into China in nineteenth century through trading between China and western nations, and the first country in western nations, which did the trading with China, was Portugal and then British. After China lost in the Opium war to British, Hong Kong was abandoned, and other territories were open for foreigners and traders. During the period, a number of foreigners, especially English people and British mission schools flew into China. Since then, English teaching/learning has gradually become popular for Chinese people. As stated previously, the object of topic of this literature review is to find out how status of English language is in fields of education, business and economy, and international relationship from 2000 to Present. II. Literature Review Status of English language in education in China Hui (2001, p. 128) expresses that English is the most widely taught foreign language in China. In some cities, English is taught from grade 5 and some from grade 3 while in rural places, children in junior and senior high schools are allowed to have English class. In the junior and senior, two types of English books are used in which the first one is called Band 1 and the second is Band 2. According to English Syllabus for Jonior High School, 2000 as cited in Hui (2001), in Band 1, students are encouraged to be familiar with vocabulary, reading, listening, writing, and speaking. In colleges and universities, English is compulsory subject, and students are asked to study through Band 1 to Band 6, and they should complete six specific requirements; for example, familiar 4000 words, acceptable pronunciation and intonation, reading, listening, writing, and speaking (intermediate level). Similarly, according to Zhongshi Yu (2003), English language is considered one of the needed languages in Chinese educational system. In 2001, the ministry of education of China announced that English shoud be taught from lower level to higher one. In the lower class, all children from grade three are instructed English language so that they may develop their English ability before they go to higher education. The ministry further declared that for universities and collegues, English has to be used as a medium of instruction for several subjects such as information technology, biotechnology, finance, foreign trade, economics and law because these subjects have interrelation with English language. Due to this plan, provincial education commissions accordingly start to set up schedules for teaching English in many universties and collegues in cities (South China Morning Post, 2001 as cited in Zhongshi Yu, 2003). To facilitate English teaching/learning, the materials including textboo ks, classroom facilities, and testing centers are gradually developed in order that both teachers and students may find it easy to use them in their study because they are created locally (Peoples Daily Online as cited in Zhongshi Yu, 2003). Additionally, in the period, not only publish schools promote English but private schools also help encourage Chinese students to study English. Equally, according to a study by Zhiwei (2007), in order to help modernize the country, ministry of Education of China has strenghtened the English language teaching/learning through primary school to university level. In primary level, English is taught since third grade; in middle school, it is instructed as a main subject as other subjects such as Chinese language and mathematics while at university level, all students are required to learn English. To build up Chinese teachers ability in English, the ministry of Education has sent them to English speaking countries like the United States and the United Kingdom to have more trainings in English as well as to invite the native English teachers to share their knowledge and experiences to Chinese teachers and students. In addition, the ministry has as well promoted researchers to conduct more studies to explore more effective language teaching/learning strategies. Zhiwei (2007) states that to help make easy English teaching/learning, the ministry have established some textbooks and materials, so that the students can use and self-study; for example, English 1-4 volume, Functional English 1-4 volume, and Practical English Grammar. Zhiwei claims that before sending to next class or admitting to enter a course, students are asked to take different types of tests based on their levels; for instance, (1) basic grade tests, and higher grade test are done for students who are in English department, (2) 4-6 grade English test, a test for university students, (3) PETS, a co-operative item between Chinese and British, a test for publish, and (4) English Self-study text is conducted two times per year (in April and in October) for those students who want to test their English ability. Similarly, Zhang (2008) states that English teaching/learning becomes more and more popular in China; hence, a number of Chinese learners start to acquire English, and most of them want to be near-like English speakers. Based on ELIC website, an organization of English Language Institute in China as cited in Zhang (2008), numerous native-English instructors, especially from the United States, are hired to teach English in Chinese universities across the country. The organization adds that the reasons China rent those teachers because they are viewed as good models, and are considered effective trainers who probably provide better English knowledge to Chinese students in terms of pronunciation and accent, effective strategies and techniques, teaching styles, and others. Pennycook, 1998 as cited in Zhang (2008) also emphasizes that English teaching in China is constructed as a superior language since knowing English is believed to have a better understanding of the world making English speakers not only to be better teachers but also to gain superior knowledge of world. Likewise, based on Zhang (2008), English language is the most-studied foreign language in many educational institutions in China. From primary schools to universities, English classes are given and every student is required to attend English class from middle school to unversity level. In middle schools, English is tutored as a basic course which is similar to mathematics, sciences and Chinese language while in university level, English language is a compulory subject. Zhang (2008) emphasizes that university students has to successfully finish English course before graduating from the universities since they will use it in their workplace. So, if their ability in English cannot be qualified, they may not be employed. On the contrary, if their English ability is strong enough, they may be given a priority to work, especially in foreign companies. By the same token, according a study by Aimin Yan (2011), college English (CE) is highly recommended subject for undergraduate students in China. Their study was conducted with 20 graduates, from universtiy of Jinan in China, who have already possesed jobs for one or two years. The study shows that CE curriculum is a needed program in colleges because it provides a lot advantages to undergraduate students in their studies such as English for special purpose and billingual course as well as to gain advantages in workplace. The study also shows that graduate candicats need to have enough competence in English in order to be qualified for various positions in job market. In China, the most common jobs available are in businesses and in government organizations, and to be qualified for the job market, applicants need to make sure that they can use English in locating information, translating documents, and creating and editing English, especially in oral communication. As a result, CE program in colleges needs to be strenghtened to instill students ability in English to fulfill the schools requirement and to meet job market. Status of English language in business and economy Zhongshi Yu (2003) raise that in China, English plays a very important role in doing business, particularly in international business. In international business, business men and women need to use English to communicate with other foreign business people. Most documents including non-formal and formal are written in English. According to a survey study by Pang Jixian et al, 2002 as cited in Zhongshi Yu (2003), he found that a number of business people in China mainly use English throught faxes and emails to contact their business partners instead of using Chinese language. More importantly, English is officially used in joint venture contracts and in other agreements. The study also found that Chinese people work in the international companies are given English names, so that their managers can easily address them. Furthermore, English names are not only given to employees but they are also written on logoes of many international business; for example, Mcdonalds, KFC, Pizza Hut, Cr oss Pizza, China Telecom, China Mobile, bank of China, agricultural bank of China, and commercail and industrial bank of China (Pang Jixian et al, 2002 as cited in Zhongshi Yu, 2003). Zhu (2008) asserts that due to development in a number of fields in China, business English is designed for higher educational institutions. Business English is a language used by people who work in business field, so selected words, expressions, grammatical structures are utilized in only business purposes. In China, English for business has its own characteristics, and English for business program allows the learners to build up English language skill and business management skill. According to Zhu (2008), English for business becomes an interest for a number of Chinese learners since it benefits a lot for their future. For that reason, business English program for undergraduate students was first run at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. In the program, the learners who complete all requirement subjects are awarded to get BA degree in foreign language or in business management. Based on Zhu (2008), another reason that English for business gain more interest is due to an incr ease of globalization economy. Thus, National Education Department has designed English for business in most universities in China so that when the students graduate, they may easily get a job in business companies. Johnson, (2010) illustrates that to expand trade inside the country and with the world, China may need to adopt English language because it could serve such purposes. After registering as a member of WTO, numerous foreign investments-western nations and the United Stated-come to China to do businesses, and more Chinese investments oversea are, as well increased noticeably. Johnson (2010) asserts that trading within a location or with local people is not enough, so Chinese traders begin to trade with foreigners, especially with the United Stated because most famous and large manufacturers are under the control of the United Stated. In other words, the United Stated is a central part in which all products and goods from different parts of the world could traffic under their power. So, the official language for both speaking and written form is English. For this reason, Chinese traders need to improve their knowledge to English language because they might enlarge their trading either with Chinese people or with foreigners. Johnson, (2010) further raises that knowing English bring Chinese people to have better job and benefit. In other words, English is probably a bridge to well-paid job or gate to reach working world. A big example raised by Johnson (2010) is 2008 Beijing Olympic Game which could be considered a great opportunity for Chinese people. Considerable Chinese people who have English knowledge would make much money, even taxi drivers because a number of foreign visitors entered China. Since then, more and more Chinese people are interested in English because they may earn a lot of money for daily job as well as in the next consequent famous events (China daily as cited in Johnson, 2010). Wang (2011) emphasizes that English is regarded as a demanded foreign language by a lot of Chinese people because fo the current need in working fields. As known that China has attracted many foreign investments-companies, factories, restaurants, shops and others-to come to do business, particularly from the United States, and the United Kingdom. Hence, many Chinese people who have English knowledge are given priority to have job opportunity since in daily operation, Egnlish is used to communicate between employees and employers. Besides oral communication, written form in English through faxes, and emails are commonly used to contact one another within workplace or to other workplaces. More importantly, the legal documents such as contracts and other agreements are officially written in English, particularly in joint ventures, and agreements of exhanging products and services. According to Rugman and Collinson, 2006 as cited in Wang (2011), most management teams in international bus inesses use English to communicate with their employees within the company as well as with other companies. Rugman and Collinson, 2006 as cited in Wang (2011) also point out that there are two different levels in communications in international businesses in which first one refers to a communincation between two independent business whereas the second one refers to a communication occurs in multinational business. Status of English international relationship Hui (2001) points out that after setting up opening door policy, Chinese government has reinforced English so that the country could probably understand and communicate with the world. Since Chinese citizen has adopted and used English, it has helped bring China to world. Probably due to the policy with integration of English in Chinese policy system, China gets involved with the world through numerous works with the United States. In addition, many foreign tourists visit China creating stronger relationship with the world. Hui (2001) further states that Chinese civil service and ministers go oversea to further their education in English as the time as more and more students get scholarship to continue their study at English speaking countries like the United State and Australia. Also, Gil Adamson (2004) state that China has become more and more popular in the world; therefore, more connections between China and other countries have to be built up gradually. And to help build up the connections and to make those nations understand China or vice versa, Chinese government possibly need to use English because it is an international language. Most Chinese documents, especially official documents from political leaders need to translate into English in order that other goverments find it easily to communicate. Based on Hung, 2002 as cited in Gil Adamson (2004), Chinese government has established Foreign Language Bureau and Foreign Language Press to help facilitate English language and translate the governments view to the rest of the world in which China has a connection with. Sun, 1999 as cited in Zhang (2008) raises that because of arrival of English, Chinese government could build up its prestige in international events which lift up China to the world. Zhang (2008) emphasizes that English becomes Chinese students passports for a better life. Chinese people who have English knowledge may find it easier to in foreign events or countries rather that those who do not know it. Bakhtin, 1984 as cited in Zhang (2008) demonstrates that to develop its connections through the world, Chinese government encourage all ministries to improve its own ability in English. Bakhtin, 1984 as cited in Zhang (2008) further explains that knowing English might provide Chinese people with good way to obtain benefits, social position and image. According to Zhang Zhang (2008), English teaching in China was reduced due to a cold war in 1950s and 1960s between American and Soviet. On the other hand, English returns to China with high speed due to an open-door policy created by Deng Xiaoping who wants China to be modernized with the world. Virtue of this, Chinese government has rebuilt a diplomatic relationship with the United States. For this reason, a number of American teachers, students, and scholars travel to China as well as other foreigners come to visit and reside in China. Because of better connections between China and the United States, China government has sent a few politicians to the United States or vice versa in order that they could exchange their concepts and learn each other. Lam, 1999 as cited in Zhang (2008) states that China government rents considerable English experts to help instill Chinese officials so that they may work effectively in jobs because they works as the countrys representatives Similarly, Song (2009) indicates that due to its open-up policy, China becomes an interesting nation attracted by the world. From time to time, China plays more important role in the world in fields of politics, economy, culture, and diplomatic. A few famous events; for example, 2008 Olympic Games, Shanghai World exhibition, and Boao Foru are consequently held in China impressing millions of people around the globe. Hence, to make China easily connect the rest of world or vice versa, Chinese people, particularly the ones who work in the government need to have English knowledge. Thus, English teaching/learning in China starts from low level (elementary) up to higher one (university level). Song (2009) reveals that due to department of English of Nanjing University, western cultures and ideas, and Chinese cultures and ideas are promoted in teaching/learning English courses. In other words, Chinese learners are encouraged to acquire both westerns and Chinas philosophy and culture at the same time so that the learners can use English expressions to substitute Chinese ones when there are not any equivalence to English or vice versa. Likewise, based on Jiang (2011), English is considered a golden award for Chinese people which could promote Chinas prestige and image in many international connections after China is registered to be a member of Word Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. The international connection between China and the world is gradually accelerating as soon as appearance of English language in China. Through the connection, a few famous events such as international exhibitions, and Olympic Games celebrating in China, attract millions of people around the world to visit China. According to Li Li, a vice president of New Orient as cited in Jiang (2011) declares that the influence of those events can give China more power as well as prestige to develop the country faster. Onec again, because more and more Chinese people gain more English competence, their connections with the rest of world is getting better and better. In the same way, Su (2011) indicates that as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), China tries its best to take adantages of this chance to meet challenges. China has promoted and accelerated both products and human resources in order to compete with other nations. To export more products to the world, more companies and factories have been established, and run the companies and factories, human resources has been improved by sending them to well-known nations such as the United States, and the United Kingdom, so that they can develop their technological and English skills. Furthermore, to help build up their students knowledge in English, China has to reinforce billingual education. Student are requiresd to accomplish English since they have to face a plenty of international situations. Another benefit that China obtain after being WTOs member is international relation. English not only brings China to compete with other nations in terms enonomy but it also allows China to have closely relationship with the world, specially with the United States. Su (2011) explain that as English serves as a variety of benefits for Chinese people and its society, China is having more willingness and power to push better national image in internationa l arena and to encourage their students to step forward on ladder to reach the world of prestige. III. Conclusion According to mentioned above, status of English language may plays important roles in education, business and economy, and international connection. To some extent, arrival of English may also be one of the reasons that help develop and improve in China. It is non-avoidable thing for Chinese people to associate with others and to adopt the age of technology; as a result, it needs to accept English since it is a language of technology. Therefore, Chinese governments has emerged English education to help build up Chinese students ability in English from lower levels up to higher levels. Besides the importance of English in education, it also plays as a main role in doing business, especially in international businesses and international relationship. However, Jiang (2011) states that while English may profit Chinese people and its society, the negative impact probably come to Chinese people and its language, too. Professor Ma and professor Pen as cited in Jiang (2011, p. 198) emphasizes that there is a important connection between language and national security and English fashion in china is not a good phenomenon for the development of national language security, which is the component of national sovereignty. The fast spread of English language in China will more or less ruin Chinese language since many Chinese students pay less attention on their own language. According to my understanding, I would say that what China does to its country is properly right because it brings the development, prestige as well as status to the country. However, it may not be an appropriate idea to highly promote English without seeing the bad influence to the society. The more China tries to give value to English for their development; the bad impact will come to damage Chinese Language. As we know that, Chinese language is widely spoken and used if comparing to English. A number of Chinese people are around the world doing business, so its language is used accordingly. Nonetheless, if English is supported Chinese citizen, a number of next generations will more or less forget his or her own language (Chinese language) from time to time. Based on my point of view, Chinese government should reduce the image of English by emerging Chinese language wherever English is. Chinese language should be promoted to write in research articles and publish in international journals, Chinese governments should raise awareness that Chinese language needed to be preserved in order to defend its reputation, and last but not least, Chinese government should limit the number of English learning at all educational system.